Honor as Goal Pursuit: A Cross-Cultural Investigation

荣誉作为目标追求：跨文化调查

• 批准号: 1451540
• 负责人: Susan Cross
• 金额: $ 58.99万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1451540&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Honor; Goal; Pursuit; Cross; Cultural

Humans have a fundamental need to feel they are respected by others. In some cultures (termed "honor cultures"), the concern for having others' respect and positive moral standing is so central to individuals' identity that it can take primacy over other motives. As a result, serious conflicts can arise if individuals feel that they have received an insult or threat to their honor. In such cultures, the importance of defending one's honor can lead to behavior that can seem irrational and excessively aggressive to outsiders, with members of honor cultures striving to assert and protect their honor even when it leads to costly consequences such as injury or death. The objective of the proposed research is to understand and attempt to reduce the dangers that arise when those from honor cultures feel their honor has been threatened by an insult or false accusation. The proposed studies compare members of honor cultures within and outside the U.S. to members of cultures that lack strong honor norms. The research tests the hypothesis that concern over maintenance and protection of honor among members of honor cultures can interfere with other goal-related behavior, and that these behavioral consequences can be reduced by interventions that restore honor. The proposed research seeks to develop a better understanding of the seemingly "irrational" ways that members of honor cultures respond to perceived affronts and is therefore relevant to people involved in public policy and economic interactions with members of honor-based cultures. Moreover, a better understanding of honor with respect to goal-related behaviors has important implications for organizational behavior, negotiation, and conflict management.The research involves a collaboration of researchers based in different regions of the U.S. and researchers from a non-U.S. honor culture. Two studies test whether individuals from honor cultures are more likely to use economic incentives to punish someone who impugns their honor (by calling them dishonest) even when such punishment is costly for the actor. Three studies examine whether honor threats derail goal attainment by creating a distraction which affects goal setting, initiation, and persistence. Two final experiments examine whether an honor threat's negative consequences for goal pursuit can be reduced by brief experiences in the lab that allow participants to behave honorably and receive recognition for doing so, or by recalling experiences when they were accorded honor by others. By understanding these honor-related processes, this research will help U.S. businesses, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations deal with conflict and miscommunication when working in honor-based cultures.The international component of this research was supported by co-funding from the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).

人类有根本的需求，要感觉到自己受到他人的尊重。在某些文化（称为“荣誉文化”）中，对他人的尊重和积极的道德地位的关注对个人的身份至关重要，以至于它可以比其他动机更加重要。结果，如果个人觉得自己受到侮辱或威胁自己的荣誉，就会出现严重的冲突。在这种文化中，捍卫自己的荣誉的重要性可能会导致行为似乎是非理性的，而且对局外人而言，荣誉文化成员也努力主张和保护自己的荣誉，即使这会导致昂贵的后果，例如伤害或死亡。拟议的研究的目的是理解并试图减少荣誉文化的人认为荣誉受到侮辱或虚假指控的威胁时，出现的危险。拟议的研究将美国内部和外部荣誉文化成员与缺乏强大荣誉规范的文化成员进行了比较。研究检验了以下假设：荣誉文化成员之间对荣誉的维护和保护的关注可能会干扰其他与目标有关的行为，并且可以通过恢复荣誉的干预措施来减少这些行为后果。拟议的研究旨在更好地理解荣誉文化成员对感知的侮辱的看似“非理性”方式，因此与参与公共政策和与基于荣誉文化的成员进行经济互动的人们有关。此外，对与目标相关的行为的荣誉更好地理解对组织行为，谈判和冲突管理具有重要意义。该研究涉及基于美国不同地区的研究人员以及非美国荣誉文化的研究人员的合作。两项研究测试了来自荣誉文化的个人是否更有可能利用经济激励措施来惩罚那些遭受荣誉的人（通过称呼他们不诚实），即使对演员的惩罚很高，也是如此。三项研究检查了荣誉威胁是否通过产生影响目标设定，启动和持久性的干扰来使目标实现。两个最终的实验检查了荣誉威胁对目标追求的负面后果是否可以通过实验室的简短经验来减少，从而使参与者能够表现出光荣的行为并获得认可，或者在被他人授予荣誉时召回经验。通过了解这些与荣誉相关的过程，这项研究将帮助美国企业，政府机构和非政府组织在基于荣誉的文化中工作时处理冲突和沟通不畅。这项研究的国际成分得到了国际科学和工程办公室（OISE）的共同资助。