OPUS: Collaborative Research: Analysis of Cross-Boundary Fluxes, Trophic Cascades and Ecosystem Stability Based on 32 Years of Whole-Lake Experiments

OPUS：合作研究：基于 32 年全湖实验的跨界通量、营养级联和生态系统稳定性分析

• 批准号: 1455461
• 负责人: Stephen Carpenter
• 金额: $ 12.88万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1455461&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OPUS; Collaborative; Research; Analysis; Cross

Large-bodied, long-lived fishes sometimes dominate aquatic food webs. Their rise to dominance causes declines in abundance of small-bodied fishes, rise in abundance of invertebrates, and high concentrations of algae, including noxious species that form toxic blooms in nutrient-rich lakes. These modifications are accompanied by changes in lake productivity and availability of nutrients that limit the productivity in many lakes. Often the populations of top predators and the food web structure that they enforce appear to be stable, persisting for many years. However, the factors that stabilize dominant populations of top predators are not well understood. The researchers will investigate if material transported from land, including dissolved as well as large particles such as leaves, help to support the production of top predators and thereby stabilize their dominance in lake food webs. The investigators will archive data collected from the study lakes since 1984 and make them available to the public. Multiple students will be trained during the course of this project and the findings from this study will be communicated to the public through blog postings. The investigators in a series of experiments from 1984-2015 in a suite of lakes investigated stability and change in food webs in response to predator harvest and stocking as well as nutrient enrichment. Other experiments studied the contributions of terrestrial organic matter to production of many consumers including large-bodied long-lived fishes. So far, however, the individual experiments have been analyzed separately. A comprehensive evaluation of the full set of experiments is needed to determine the role of terrestrial organic matter in food web patterns and the response of food webs to harvest, stocking and nutrient enrichment. More specifically, existing data from whole lake experiments will be used to investigate: (1) the interactive effects of nutrients, terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM), and consumer assimilation of terrestrial organic matter (allochthony) on the biomass of herbivorous zooplankton and the capacity of large-bodied grazers to withstand predation, (2) the effects of terrestrial prey on the stability and resilience of lake food webs and the strength of trophic cascades, and (3) the regulation of whole-ecosystem respiration by nutrients, terrestrial DOM, and food web structure. Beyond this contribution to basic science, the project will create an online, publicly-available database of data from the 32 years of whole lake experiments, train students in the use of large-scale experimental data, and create blog posts that present results of the research for a general audience.

大型，长寿的鱼有时会主导水生食物网。它们的主导地位的崛起会导致丰富的小鱼，丰富的无脊椎动物和高浓度的藻类，包括在营养丰富的湖泊中形成有毒花朵的有害物种。这些修饰伴随着湖泊生产力的变化以及限制许多湖泊生产力的养分的可用性。通常，顶级捕食者的种群和他们执行的食物网络结构似乎是稳定的，持续了很多年。 但是，稳定顶级捕食者主要种群的因素尚不清楚。研究人员将调查是否从土地上运输的材料（包括溶解的叶子）以及诸如叶片等大颗粒，有助于支持顶级捕食者的生产，从而稳定其在湖泊食品网中的优势。 研究人员将自1984年以来从研究湖中收集的数据存档数据，并将其提供给公众。在本项目的过程中，将对多名学生进行培训，这项研究的发现将通过博客帖子传达给公众。从1984 - 2015年的一系列实验中，研究人员在一系列湖泊中调查了食物网的稳定性和变化，以响应捕食者的收获和库存以及养分富集。 其他实验研究了陆地有机物对许多消费者的生产的贡献，包括大型长寿鱼。然而，到目前为止，已经分别分析了单个实验。需要对全面的实验进行全面评估，以确定陆地有机物在食品网络模式中的作用以及食物网对收获，库存和养分富集的反应。更具体地说，将使用全湖实验的现有数据进行调查：（1）营养素，陆地溶解有机物（DOM）的互动效果以及陆地有机物（Allochthony）对食草动物浮游生物的生物量的生物量以及与大型掠夺者的能力和远处呈现效果（2）的效果（2）（2）的效果（2）（2）以及营养级联的强度，以及（3）通过营养物质，陆地DOM和食物网络结构来调节全生态系统呼吸。 除了对基础科学的贡献之外，该项目还将创建一个从32年的全湖实验中创建一个在线，公共可用的数据数据库，培训学生使用大规模实验数据，并创建博客文章，为一般受众提供研究结果。

项目成果

Resilience of phytoplankton dynamics to trophic cascades and nutrient enrichment

浮游植物动态对营养级联和营养富集的恢复力

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11913
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Carpenter, Stephen R.;Arani, Babak M. S.;Van Nes, Egbert H.;Scheffer, Marten;Pace, Michael L.
• 通讯作者: Pace, Michael L.