Defense amplification and priming in Arabidopsis

拟南芥中的防御放大和启动

• 批准号: 1456904
• 负责人: Jean Greenberg
• 金额: $ 92.22万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1456904&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Defense; amplification; priming; Arabidopsis

Plants develop with a high degree of plasticity: their growth and ability to resist different stresses depends on their history and the current environment. Ubiquitous components of the environment are microbes, some of which promote plant health (stimulate growth and immunity) and others of which cause disease. Unlike humans, plants lack specialized circulating cells that provide immunity. Instead, plants use a chemical-based immune system. Specifically, natural chemical signals that plants produce confer protection against disease-causing microbes. Upon infection, some of these signals are transported throughout the plant to provide immunity. This project investigates how plant chemical signals and the cellular machinery needed for responding to them confer protection to plants against harmful microbes. Students will work in teams and be trained in experimental methods and data interpretation. The findings from this project could lead to commercialization of these natural immune-modulating chemicals for plant protection. The project will expose diverse high school and community members to emerging concepts in signaling and scientific research in general through workshops, lab work and community events. The Principal Investigator will develop a mentoring workshop to help other faculty recruit retain and train under-represented minority students.Plant diseases reduce crop yield and quality. This project will elucidate mechanisms of defense priming and signal amplification that are essential for effective whole plant immunity and identify bioactive metabolites that can be commercialized for plant protection. Postdoctoral scholars will be trained in the interpretation and utilization of the latest molecular, cellular, proteomic approaches as well as techniques for metabolite analysis and will also learn mentoring skills. Aim 1 discerns how a key aminotransferase's different metabolite products control immune receptor levels and signaling outputs, respectively. The molecular basis for receptor regulation and how ligand-stimulated signaling steps are amplified will be examined. Aim 2 focuses on AZI1 and EARLI1, proteins that traffic between the site of priming signal generation and other sites. Their sites of action, targeting/trafficking mechanism and regulation by posttranslational modification and protein-protein interactions during establishment of systemic immunity will be elucidated. Aim 3, performed by undergraduate and high school students, will assess the roles of new systemic immunity protein candidates.

植物的发育具有高度的可塑性：它们的生长和抵抗不同压力的能力取决于它们的历史和当前环境。环境中无处不在的成分是微生物，其中一些促进植物健康（刺激生长和免疫力），另一些则导致疾病。与人类不同，植物缺乏提供免疫力的专门循环细胞。相反，植物使用基于化学的免疫系统。具体来说，植物产生的天然化学信号可以保护植物免受致病微生物的侵害。在感染后，这些信号中的一些被传送到整个植物中以提供免疫力。该项目研究植物化学信号和响应这些信号所需的细胞机制如何保护植物免受有害微生物的侵害。学生将在团队中工作，并接受实验方法和数据解释的培训。该项目的研究结果可能导致这些天然免疫调节化学品用于植物保护的商业化。该项目将通过研讨会、实验室工作和社区活动，让不同的高中和社区成员了解信号和科学研究方面的新兴概念。首席研究员将开发一个指导讲习班，以帮助其他教师招聘，留住和培训代表性不足的少数民族学生。该项目将阐明防御引发和信号放大的机制，这些机制对有效的全植物免疫至关重要，并确定可用于植物保护的商业化生物活性代谢物。博士后学者将接受最新分子，细胞，蛋白质组学方法以及代谢物分析技术的解释和利用方面的培训，并将学习指导技能。目的1辨别一个关键的氨基转移酶的不同代谢产物如何分别控制免疫受体水平和信号输出。受体调节的分子基础和如何配体刺激信号步骤被放大将被检查。目标2重点关注AZI 1和EARLI 1，这两种蛋白质在引发信号产生位点和其他位点之间进行交通。将阐明它们的作用位点、靶向/运输机制以及通过翻译后修饰和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用在建立系统免疫过程中的调节。目标3由本科生和高中生完成，将评估新的全身免疫蛋白候选物的作用。