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Molecular-neural basis for motor patterning of vocal-acoustic signals

声音信号运动模式的分子神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
1457108
负责人：
Andrew Bass
金额：
$ 85万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-05-15 至 2021-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1457108&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Molecular neural basis motor patterning

项目摘要

Understanding how the brain controls behavior is a major goal in neuroscience. All behavioral actions, including those as different as walking, singing, even tiny eye movements that allow one to focus on a page of text, ultimately depend on the activation of muscles by motor neurons in the brain. The remarkable range of actions that animals are capable of begs the question: how different are the motor neurons underlying different behaviors? One strategy for answering this is to compare neurons driving different behaviors. Modern bony fishes are champions in the ability to generate vocalizations that exhibit rapid, precisely timed sound pulses. The studies proposed here use fish as model systems to compare vocal motor neuron populations to those that pattern non-vocal motor behaviors: locomotion that depends on fin movement, and electric signaling generated by modified muscle cells that are used by fish for communication and active sensing of the aquatic environment. The project will determine the extent to which molecular, genetic and physiological properties are shared in motor neurons driving these behaviors that differ in their temporal patterning, for example, fast (vocal and electric) vs. slow (fin movement). The Principal Investigator will continue to recruit a talented population of men and women students from diverse backgrounds, including underrepresented minorities, and train them in behavioral, neural, and molecular levels of analysis. More specifically, molecular, genetic and neurophysiological methods in several model systems among fishes will be used to address the following questions: 1) Can similarities in the neurophysiological patterning of vocal motor behavior between distantly related species be explained by a similar set of gene products that underlies a shared set of vocal motor neuron characters (Aim 1)? 2) Do vocal motor neurons employ a "molecular toolkit" distinct from that of non-vocal motor neurons exhibiting lower degrees of synchrony and temporal precision, in this case the pectoral motor system for locomotion (Aim 2)? 3) Do vocal motor neurons employ a shared "molecular toolkit" with that of non-vocal motor neurons exhibiting comparable degrees of synchronicity, temporal precision and rapid firing, in this case the electromotor system that is used for active sensing of objects in the aquatic environment (Aim 3)? By complementing large-scale gene expression studies with neuro-pharmacological validation, these aims will identify how patterns of gene expression determine neurobiological and behavioral phenotypes, in this case those determining divergent motor functions.

了解大脑如何控制行为是神经科学的一个主要目标。所有的行为行为，包括走路、唱歌，甚至是让人专注于一页文字的微小眼球运动，最终都依赖于大脑运动神经元对肌肉的激活。动物能够做出如此广泛的动作，这就引出了这样一个问题：不同行为背后的运动神经元有多大不同？回答这个问题的一种策略是比较驱动不同行为的神经元。现代硬骨鱼在发出快速、精确定时的声音脉冲的发声能力方面处于领先地位。这里提出的研究使用FISH作为模型系统，比较发声运动神经元和那些塑造非发声运动行为的群体：依赖于鳍运动的运动，以及FISH用来交流和主动感知水环境的修饰肌肉细胞产生的电信号。该项目将确定分子、遗传和生理特性在多大程度上共享驱动这些行为的运动神经元，这些行为在时间模式上存在差异，例如，快(声音和电)与慢(鳍运动)。首席调查员将继续招募来自不同背景的有才华的男女学生，包括代表性不足的少数族裔，并在行为、神经和分子层面对他们进行培训。更具体地说，在鱼类之间的几个模型系统中，分子、遗传和神经生理学方法将被用来解决以下问题：1)远缘物种之间发声运动行为的神经生理学模式的相似性是否可以用一组相似的基因产物来解释，这些基因产物构成了一组共同的发声运动神经元特征(目标1)？2)发声运动神经元是否使用了与非发声运动神经元不同的“分子工具包”，后者表现出较低的同步性和时间精确度，在这种情况下，用于运动的胸部运动系统(目标2)？3)发声运动神经元是否使用与非发声运动神经元共享的“分子工具包”，表现出相当程度的同步性、时间精度和快速放电，在这种情况下，用于主动感知水环境中物体的电动系统(目标3)？通过用神经药理学验证补充大规模的基因表达研究，这些目标将确定基因表达模式如何决定神经生物学和行为表型，在这种情况下，那些决定不同运动功能的表型。