Synthesis of New Heavy Nuclei using Multi-Nucleon transfer Reactions

大多数原子核不稳定，寿命有限。了解远不稳定的原子核结构和确定最重元素的极限一直是一个令人兴奋的挑战，并导致使用热和冷聚变技术以及放射性光束生产多达118个质子的原子核。该奖项将使用多核子转移技术合成新的锕系原子核。研究人员还将测量最重原子核的性质和产生机制，以了解这些原子核的性质和行为，并协助对超重元素的稳定性、结构和产生进行理论预测。该项目将有助于培养研究生和博士后。在核化学和放射化学方面培训科学家是为了满足一项明确的、经常提出的国家需要，即重新振兴核化学和放射化学。研究分为三个阶段：(a)研究在208Pb附近区域利用多核子转移（MNT）反应来测试这些反应的模型并制造新的原子核。这些研究将在Gammasphere （136Xe + 208Pb和136Xe， 238U + 198Pt）上进行厚靶实验。在前一个实验中，人们对处理MNT反应的Zagrebaev和Greiner形式化进行了独特的严格测试，而后一个反应处理N=126核的最佳方法(b)，以研究低Z锕系元素核的产生，测试当前的MNT模型。这将包括通过束内光谱和离线分析鉴定132Xe + 233U反应的15-30个α发射核产物，研究192Os + 197Au反应的类似产物，以及(c)研究在稳定性极限下使用136Xe+ 248Cm和232Th + 248Cm转移反应产生的外来富中子锕系核。将产生几种新的富n的Fm、Cm和Cf同位素。

Most nuclei are unstable and have limited lifetimes. Understanding the structure of nuclei far from stability and defining the limits of the heaviest elements has been an exciting challenge and has led to the production of nuclei with as many as 118 protons using both hot and cold fusion techniques as well as radioactive beams. This award will use the multi-nucleon transfer technique to synthesize new actinide nuclei. The investigators will also measure the properties and production mechanisms of the heaviest nuclei to understand the nature and behavior of these nuclei, and to assist theoretical predictions for the stability, structure and production of super-heavy elements. The project will contribute to the education of graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. The training of scientists in nuclear and radiochemistry fulfills a well-articulated, frequently stated national need, the re-vitalization of nuclear and radiochemistry.There are three phases of the research: (a) to investigate the use of multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) reactions in the region near 208Pb to test models of these reactions and to make new nuclei. These investigations are to be done with thick target experiments at Gammasphere (136Xe + 208Pb and 136Xe, 238U + 198Pt). In the former experiment, one is making a unique rigorous test of the Zagrebaev and Greiner formalism for treating MNT reactions while the latter reactions deal with the best way to make N=126 nuclei (b) to study the production of lower Z actinide nuclei testing current models of MNT. This will involve the identification of 15-30 alpha-emitting nuclear products from the 132Xe + 233U reaction by in-beam spectroscopy and off-line analysis and a study of similar products from the 192Os + 197Au reaction and (c) to study the production of exotic neutron-rich actinide nuclei at the limits of stability using transfer reactions such as 136Xe+ 248Cm and 232Th + 248Cm. Several new n-rich isotopes of Fm, Cm, and Cf will be produced.