An integrated photonic device in diamond to generate quantum entanglement, a computational resource for quantum information processing

摘要标题：一种在钻石中产生量子纠缠的集成光子器件，量子信息处理的计算资源摘要：非技术描述：这个项目旨在展示一种量子器件，它是量子计算网络中必不可少的构件。该装置将在钻石中的两个电子自旋之间产生纠缠，这是一种计算资源。与纠缠寿命相比，在自旋之间产生纠缠的主要挑战是快速执行操作。先前利用自由空间光学元件进行的钻石实验实现了10-100毫赫的产生率。在这里，我们寻求利用集成光子学来实现千赫兹速率。材料平台包含内置于半导体磷化镓中的光波导层。这种波导层连接了由钻石中的氮空位中心组成的量子节点。第三层探测器由超导材料NbN制成，用来探测从氮空位中心发射的光子。千赫纠缠率在可扩展的平台上将使大型量子网络的实现成为可能。这些网络可以用来解决在经典计算机上无法解决的计算问题。参与研究的研究生和本科生将接受尖端光子和量子器件技术的设计、制造和测试方面的培训。此外，华盛顿大学和西雅图大学将开发并使用一种可移动的动手演示台，通过基于钻石的活动展示材料科学的基本概念。技术描述：类原子固态缺陷是可扩展量子信息处理的有吸引力的候选者，因为这些缺陷有可能集成到设备中。然而，与调整这些缺陷的单个量子属性相关的挑战，以及控制缺陷之间的相互作用的困难，到目前为止阻碍了基于缺陷的可扩展量子网络的实现。这项工作试图展示一种量子设备，一种芯片上的纠缠产生单元，有望作为此类网络的基本构件。将利用一种新颖的混合光子结构，将磷化镓作为光学器件层与承载氮空位量子信息节点的金刚石衬底集成在一起。该装置利用光子干涉产生纠缠，这需要控制单个氮空位中心的光学性质。这种控制是由与磷化镓层兼容的集成电极提供的。磷化镓器件层能够有效地收集氮空位光子并将其发送到集成波导的超导探测器，以实现千赫兹的电子纠缠率。

Abstract title: An integrated photonic device in diamond to generate quantum entanglement, a computational resource for quantum information processingAbstract:Nontechnial description:This project seeks to demonstrate a quantum device that is an essential building block in a quantum computing network. The device will generate entanglement, a computational resource, between two electron spins in diamond. The main challenge for generating entanglement between spins is performing the operation quickly compared to the entanglement lifetime. Prior experiments in diamond which utilized free-space optical components realized generation rates in the 10-100 millihertz regime. Here we seek to utilize integrated photonics to realize kilohertz rates. The materials platform contains an optical waveguiding layer built in the semiconductor gallium phosphide. This waveguiding layer connects quantum nodes composed of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. A third detetor layer, made from the superconducting material niobium nitride, is used to detect the photons emitted from the nitrogen-vacancy centers. Kilohertz entanglement rates in a scalable platform will enable the realization of large quantum networks. These networks can be utilized to solve computational problems which cannot be solved on a classical computer. Graduate and undergraduates involved in the research will be trained in the design, fabrication, and testing of cutting edge photonic and quantum device technologies. Additionally, a mobile, hands-on demonstration table, which presents fundamental concepts of materials science through diamond-based activities, will be developed and employed at the University of Washington and Seattle-wide science outreach events.Technical description:Atomic-like solid-state defects are attractive candidates for scalable quantum information processing due to the potential to integrate these defects into devices. However, the challenges associated with tuning the individual quantum properties of these defects, as well as the difficulty in controlling interactions between defects, has thus far prohibited the realization of a scalable defect-based quantum network. This works seeks to demonstrate a quantum device, an on-chip entanglement generation unit, that is expected to serve as an essential building block for such a network. A novel, hybrid photonic structure will be utilized that integrates gallium phosphide as an optical device layer with a diamond substrate which hosts the nitrogen-vacancy quantum information nodes. The device utilizes photon interference to generate entanglement, which requires control of the optical properties of individual nitrogen-vacancy centers. This control is provided by integrated electrodes compatible with the gallium phosphide layer. The gallium phosphide device layer enables efficient collection and routing of nitrogen-vacancy photons to waveguide-integrated superconducting detectors to achieve kilohertz electron entanglement rates.