Collaborative Research: American Innovations in an Age of Discovery: Teaching Science and Engineering through 3D-printed Historical Reconstructions

先进的制造技术，如3D打印，正在改变设计和工程的几个领域。这个创新项目将使用3D技术，帮助学生通过美国发明史了解科学和工程。作为科学和工程课程的一部分，初中和高中学生将使用3D打印技术重现历史上重要的发明，使用史密森学会的数字化版本（例如，莱特兄弟的飞机（http://3d.si.edu）。该项目将创建模块，将这些过去的重大发明与当代技术，科学和工程联系起来。 学生团队合作将帮助参与者了解发明的协作过程。该项目将为中学科学和工程教师编制辅助材料。该项目将推进学生和教师创新技术体验（ITEST）计划的努力，以更好地理解和促进提高学生在科学，技术，工程或数学（STEM）领域追求职业生涯的动机和能力的做法。该模块的开发将满足最近的国家报告和标准中关于将工程纳入科学教学和学习的要求。研究问题和数据收集/分析将研究这些模块如何影响学生对概念的了解，以及教师是否能够在课堂上成功实施这些模块。收集的数据包括学生对单元的学习、与学生的访谈和焦点小组、与教师的访谈以及课堂观察。本研究亦会利用比较教室，对学生的学科知识进行前测和后测，以了解治疗教室的模块对学生的科学和工程知识的影响。目标是记录这些模块对学生学习科学和工程课程的影响，并了解如何利用历史发明让学生参与科学和工程创新。实施将包括在两个州的不同学生群体的学区，为材料提供一系列的测试地点。

Advanced manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing, are transforming design and several fields of engineering. This innovative project will use 3D technology to help students learn about science and engineering through the history of inventions in the United States. As part of science and engineering classes, middle and high-school students will use 3D printing technology to recreate historically significant inventions, using digitized versions from the Smithsonian Institution (e.g., the Wright brothers' airplane - http://3d.si.edu). The project will create modules that will connect these significant inventions from the past with contemporary technologies, science, and engineering. Student teamwork will help participants understand the collaborative process of invention. The project will develop supporting materials for middle school science and engineering teachers. This project will advance efforts of the Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program to better understand and promote practices that increase students' motivations and capacities to pursue careers in fields of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM). The module development will address calls in recent national reports and standards for the integration of engineering in science teaching and learning. The research questions and data collection/analysis will examine how the modules impact student knowledge of the concepts and if teachers can successfully implement them in classrooms. Data to be collected include students' work on the modules, interviews and focus groups with students, interviews with teachers, and classroom observation. Using comparison classrooms, the study will also use pre-tests and post-tests of students' content knowledge to understand the impact of the modules in the treatment classrooms on students' knowledge of science and engineering. The goal will be to document the impact of the modules on students' learning in science and engineering courses and to understand how historical inventions can be used to engage students in how scientific and engineering innovation happen. The implementation will include school districts with diverse populations of students in two states, providing a range of test sites for the materials.