UNS: Intelligent Multi-Criteria Building Ventilation Control within Dynamic Urban Environments

1511151美国人90%的时间待在室内，室内空气质量差是对人类健康和生产力的最大威胁。保持可接受的室内空气质量需要通风，或用室外空气取代室内空气，通常是通过机械系统。商业建筑的通风率被设定为最低标准(例如，写字楼的通风率为8.5%L/S/人)，尽管新的研究表明，较高的通风率可以提高居住者的生产率，减少缺勤率。然而，增加通风需要能量来移动和调节空气，会给电网带来压力，并会降低污染城市地区的室内空气质量。目前的最低通风率模式过于简单化，没有框架来评估这些众多且相互竞争的积极和消极影响中的大多数。因此，许多促进环境可持续性的机会被错失，包括增加居住者的福祉，提高能源效率，减少温室气体和当地污染物排放。该项目的目的是通过研究高性能绿色建筑的下一代智能通风策略来利用这些机会。由于天气、污染和能源价格等因素具有日变化和季节变化，因此通过在动态控制框架内利用暂态行为的系统级策略，可以以最小的能源成本实现巨大的收益。本项目将对绿色办公建筑的动态、整体、多准则通风控制进行研究。它将：(1)将面向用户的、具有全面而灵活的效用函数的多准则决策框架正式化，并评估智能通风在各种环境中的影响，特别关注建筑和位置特征的影响；(2)研究能够适应特定写字楼并满足建筑行业独特挑战的自学习、即插即用的动态通风控制方法。它将评估影响，通过详细的模拟开发控制算法，并在费城的一座真实建筑中验证这项工作，该建筑已经安装了测量污染物和能源使用的仪器。结果将通过网络展示实验建筑的实时状态向公众传播；(Ii)通过会议和期刊出版物以及与建筑能源创新联盟的研究人员联系向科学界传播；以及(Iii)通过与美国供暖、制冷和空调工程师协会(ASHRAE)的技术委员会联系向业界传播。

1511151 (Waring) Americans spend 90% of our time indoors, where poor indoor air quality (IAQ) is a top risk to human health and productivity. Maintaining acceptable IAQ requires ventilation, or replacing indoor with outdoor air, usually by mechanical systems. Ventilation rates are set as minimum standards for commercial buildings (e.g. 8.5 L/s/person for offices), though new research suggests that higher rates increase occupant productivity and decrease absenteeism. However, increasing ventilation requires energy to move and condition the air, can strain the electricity grid, and can degrade IAQ in polluted urban areas. The current minimum ventilation rate paradigm is simplistic, with no framework for evaluating most of these numerous and competing positive and negative consequences. As such, many opportunities are missed for promoting environmental sustainability, including increasing occupant wellbeing, improving energy efficiency, and reducing greenhouse gas and local pollutant emissions. The purpose of this project is to capitalize on these opportunities by researching next-generation, intelligent ventilation strategies for high performance green buildings.Since elements such as weather, pollution, and energy prices have diurnal and seasonal profiles, large benefits may be realized at minimal energy costs with systems-level strategies that capitalize on transient behaviors within a dynamic control framework. This project will research dynamic, holistic, multi-criteria ventilation control in green office buildings. It will: (1) Formalize a user-oriented, multi-criteria decision-making framework with a comprehensive and flexible utility function, and evaluate the impacts of intelligent ventilation in a variety of settings with special attention to the influence of building and location characteristics, and (2) Investigate self-learning, plug-and-play dynamic ventilation control methods that can adapt to specific office buildings and meet the unique challenges of the building industry. It will assess impacts and develop control algorithms with detailed simulations, as well as validate the work in a real building in Philadelphia that is already instrumented to measure pollutants and energy use. Results will be disseminated to (i) the public through a web display of the real-time state of the experimental building; to (ii) the scientific community through conference and journal publications and investigator affiliations with the Consortium for Building Energy Innovation; and to (iii) industry through affiliations with technical committees in the American Society for Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).