IBSS: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Natural Resource Use and Management

IBSS：全面了解自然资源的利用和管理

• 批准号: 1519987
• 负责人: Michael Gavin
• 金额: $ 99.91万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1519987&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IBSS; Towards; Integrated; Understanding; Natural

This interdisciplinary research project will examine variations in the ways that different human societies have managed natural resources. Scientists long have debated how environmental, demographic, institutional, social, and historical factors shape the natural resource management strategies used by different societies and why these strategies change over time. Diverse natural resource management approaches have allowed humans to inhabit every continent on earth, including such varied settings as deserts, rainforests, savannas, tundra, mountains, and plains. The degree to which society can use and manage resources sustainably is a primary determinant of current and future well-being. This project will provide global-scale empirical tests of possible answers to critical questions in long-standing debates regarding the geography and evolution of land tenure and subsistence strategies. The investigators will demonstrate the utility of approaches developed in biogeography and evolutionary biology for addressing theoretical issues from multiple disciplines regarding drivers of global geographic patterns in natural resource management. Project findings will provide policy makers and others with critical insights about the constraints and opportunities different contexts offer for more sustainable planning. The project will demonstrate the utility of a global, publicly accessible, interdisciplinary database developed by the investigators to facilitate studies of cultural diversity and other dimensions of resource management and use. The project also will valuable interdisciplinary education and training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students for for post-doctoral researchers.The investigators will address three critical questions: (1) To what degree do different factors determine subsistence strategies and land tenure systems across different regions of the globe? (2) Do predictable patterns of change exist, or can any form of subsistence or land tenure turn into any other form over time? (3) Do subsistence strategies and land-tenure systems co-evolve? Consideration of these questions has been difficult due to the limitations of prior analytical approaches. The investigators have demonstrated the utility of methods originally developed in biogeography and evolutionary biology to explore the factors that drive the evolution and geographic patterns of cultural diversity, and they have assembled a database that maps more than 100 cultural features onto language family trees for over about 1,400 societies. They will link these data with data on ecological and environmental variables in order to conduct new inquiries into the drivers of cultural change and patterns of cultural diversity. This project is supported through the NSF Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (IBSS) competition.

这个跨学科的研究项目将研究不同人类社会管理自然资源方式的差异。长期以来，科学家们一直在争论环境、人口、制度、社会和历史因素如何塑造不同社会使用的自然资源管理策略，以及这些策略为什么会随着时间而变化。不同的自然资源管理方法使人类能够居住在地球上的每一个大陆，包括沙漠、热带雨林、稀树草原、苔原、山脉和平原等不同的环境。社会可持续地利用和管理资源的程度是当前和未来福祉的主要决定因素。该项目将在全球范围内对长期以来关于土地权属和生存战略的地理和演变的辩论中的关键问题的可能答案进行实证检验。研究人员将展示在生物地理学和进化生物学中开发的方法的效用，以解决有关自然资源管理中全球地理模式驱动因素的多学科理论问题。项目调查结果将为政策制定者和其他人提供重要见解，了解不同环境为更可持续的规划提供的制约和机会。该项目将显示调查者为促进文化多样性和资源管理和利用的其他方面的研究而开发的全球、可公开使用的跨学科数据库的效用。该项目还将为本科生和研究生以及博士后研究人员提供宝贵的跨学科教育和培训机会。研究人员将解决三个关键问题：(1)不同因素在多大程度上决定了全球不同地区的生存战略和土地保有制度？(2)是否存在可预测的变化模式，或者随着时间的推移，任何形式的生存或土地保有能否转变为任何其他形式？(3)生存战略和土地权属制度是否共同演变？由于先前分析方法的局限性，对这些问题的考虑一直很困难。研究人员展示了最初在生物地理学和进化生物学中开发的方法的实用性，以探索驱动文化多样性进化和地理模式的因素，他们已经组装了一个数据库，将100多个文化特征映射到大约1400个社会的语言家谱上。他们将把这些数据与关于生态和环境变量的数据联系起来，以便对文化变化的驱动因素和文化多样性的模式进行新的调查。本项目由美国国家科学基金会跨学科行为与社会科学研究（IBSS）竞赛资助。