A mobile absolute gravimeter based on atom interferometry for highly accurate point observations

这项工作的主要重点是向地球物理界提供一种新型的绝对重力仪，这种绝对重力仪已经在现场测量中证明了其功能，其精度至少超过传统的野外重力仪一个数量级。（“重力原子干涉仪”）已在洪堡大学zu柏林（HU）开发现在是HU仪器开发人员与汉诺威Erdmessung研究所（IfE）绝对重力测量组合作的主题。该仪器的进一步发展旨在将GAIN应用于地球物理研究领域。典型的任务是研究地下物质运动（例如在构造活动区），区分陆地水圈中人为和自然的环境影响，或监测地下水库等技术应用，主要的挑战是理解和控制系统性影响以及改进传感器的便携性和长期稳定性。为了识别和克服GAIN系统中仍然固有的系统效应，使用经典的最先进的相对和绝对重力仪（包括IfE的FG 5 -220）进行直接比较。我们计划分三个步骤来证明完成的仪器的功能、灵敏度和准确度：（A）在最初的两年开发阶段同时比较：原子仪器与经典仪器;（B）在抽水蓄能水库中的精密实验;（B）在抽水蓄能水库中的精密实验;（C）在芬诺斯坎迪亚陆地隆起区进行一个地球物理项目，使用GAIN和FG 5 -220，需要绝对的精确度。

The main focus of this work is to provide the geophysical community with a novel type of absolute gravimeter that will have already proven its functionality at on-site measurements and surpasses the precision of conventional field gravimeters by at least one order of magnitude.The portable quantum gravimeter GAIN (“Gravimetric Atom Interferometer”) has been developed at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (HU) and is now subject of a cooperation between the instrument developers at HU and the absolute gravimetry group at the Institute für Erdmessung in Hannover (IfE). Further development of the instrument aims at the application of GAIN in the research field of geophysics. Typical tasks are to study subterranean mass movements (e.g. in tectonically active regions), to discriminate between man-made and natural environmental effects in land hydrosphere, or technical applications such as the monitoring of underground water reservoirs.The main challenges are the understanding and control of systematic effects as well as the improvement of the sensor’s portability and long-term stability. To identify and overcome systematic effects still inherent in the GAIN system, classical state-of-the-art relative and absolute gravimeters (including the IfE’s FG5-220) are used for direct comparisons. This is necessary to account for the continuously varying gravity value, which is mainly due to tides, atmospheric changes and hydrological variations.We plan to demonstrate the functionality, sensitivity and accuracy of the completed instrument in three steps: (A) simultaneous comparisons during the initial two-year development phase: atomic versus classical instrument; (B) a precision experiment in a pumped-storage water reservoir; (C) a geophysical project with GAIN and FG5-220 in the Fennoscandian land uplift area where absolute accuracy is needed.