CIF: Small: Networks: Evolution, Learning and Social Norms

社会的大部分内容都是在网络中组织的，无论是企业、科学、教育、社会、社会、经济等。该项目旨在研究网络如何演化、哪些网络出现、网络中个体的信息如何影响网络的演化和最终形状，以及反过来，网络的演化如何影响对网络中个体的了解。 密切相关的问题是网络的演化和形态如何影响网络的运作，以及哪些社会规范促进网络良好运作的形成和维持。该研究项目将使我们能够更好地理解、监控、设计、操作和保护多种网络。 特别是，这项研究将有助于设计新的政策，以创建一个更安全、更具创造性的互联网。大量的网络科学文献研究了已经形成的网络；一小部分文献（主要是微观经济学）研究网络的形成，但做出了偏离现实的大胆假设（例如，同质主体/实体、有关其他主体的完整信息）。网络科学文献和微观经济学文献都没有考虑到主体在决定消费、生产和共享哪些信息（除了决定形成/维持/破坏哪些链接）时的战略行为，以及主体从关于他人的不完整信息开始（即，他们必须了解他人）。因此，网络科学和微观经济学都没有提供一种有用的方法来理解、预测和指导真实网络的形成（和演化）以及网络形成的后果。该研究项目的总体目标是开发这样一种方法。该研究计划将考虑到智能体的战略行为，以及它们从彼此不完整的信息开始，因此必须随着时间的推移了解要生产和消费哪些信息，以及要形成和维持哪些联系以及要打破哪些联系。那么，代理商呢？学习和网络结构随着时间的推移而共同进化。当前项目的一个显着特点是应用社会规范来理解和促进网络的演变和良好运作。

Much of society is organized in networks, be they enterprise, scientific, education, societal, social, economic, etc. This project aims to study how networks evolve, which networks emerge, how information about the individuals in the network affect the evolution and the eventual shape of the network and conversely, how the evolution of the network affect learning about the individuals in the network. Closely related issues are how the evolution and the shape of the network affect the functioning of the network, and what social norms promote the formation and maintenance of well-functioning of networks. This research project will enable us to better understand, monitor, design, operate and secure networks of many kinds. In particular, this research will help design new policies for creating a safer and more creative Internet.A sizeable network science literature studies networks that have already formed; a smaller literature, mainly in microeconomics, studies the formation of networks---but makes heroic assumptions (e.g., homogeneous agents/entities, complete information about other agents) that deviate from reality. Neither the network science literature nor the microeconomics literature takes into account that agents behave strategically in deciding what information to consume, produce and share (in addition to deciding what links to form/maintain/break) and that agents begin with incomplete information about others (i.e., they must learn about others). As a result, neither network science nor microeconomics provides a useful methodology for understanding, predicting and guiding the formation (and evolution) of real networks and the consequences of network formation. The overarching goal of this research project is to develop such a methodology. The research plan will take into account that agents behave strategically and that they begin with incomplete information about each other and thus must learn over time what information to produce and consume, and which connections to form and maintain and which to break. Thus, agents? learning and the network structure coevolve over time. A distinguishing feature of the current project is the application of social norms to understand and promote the evolution and well-functioning of networks.