CIF: Small: Networks: Evolution, Learning and Social Norms

社会的大部分都是通过网络组织起来的，无论是企业、科学、教育、社会、社会、经济等。该项目旨在研究网络如何进化，哪些网络出现，网络中个人的信息如何影响网络的进化和最终形状，反过来，网络的进化如何影响对网络中个人的学习。密切相关的问题是网络的演变和形态如何影响网络的功能，以及什么样的社会规范促进网络的形成和维持良好的功能。这个研究项目将使我们能够更好地理解、监测、设计、操作和保护多种类型的网络。特别是，这项研究将有助于制定新的政策，以创造一个更安全、更有创造力的互联网。相当多的网络科学文献研究已经形成的网络；一个较小的文献，主要是在微观经济学中，研究网络的形成，但做出了偏离现实的英雄假设（例如，同质的代理人/实体，关于其他代理人的完整信息）。网络科学文献和微观经济学文献都没有考虑到代理在决定消费、生产和共享什么信息时的战略行为（除了决定形成/维持/打破什么链接），以及代理从关于他人的不完整信息开始（即，他们必须了解他人）。因此，无论是网络科学还是微观经济学，都不能为理解、预测和指导真实网络的形成（和演变）以及网络形成的后果提供有用的方法。本研究项目的首要目标是开发这样一种方法。研究计划将考虑到代理人的战略行为，他们从彼此不完整的信息开始，因此必须随着时间的推移学习产生和消耗哪些信息，形成和维持哪些联系，打破哪些联系。因此,代理吗?随着时间的推移，学习和网络结构共同进化。当前项目的一个显著特征是应用社会规范来理解和促进网络的演变和良好运作。

Much of society is organized in networks, be they enterprise, scientific, education, societal, social, economic, etc. This project aims to study how networks evolve, which networks emerge, how information about the individuals in the network affect the evolution and the eventual shape of the network and conversely, how the evolution of the network affect learning about the individuals in the network. Closely related issues are how the evolution and the shape of the network affect the functioning of the network, and what social norms promote the formation and maintenance of well-functioning of networks. This research project will enable us to better understand, monitor, design, operate and secure networks of many kinds. In particular, this research will help design new policies for creating a safer and more creative Internet.A sizeable network science literature studies networks that have already formed; a smaller literature, mainly in microeconomics, studies the formation of networks---but makes heroic assumptions (e.g., homogeneous agents/entities, complete information about other agents) that deviate from reality. Neither the network science literature nor the microeconomics literature takes into account that agents behave strategically in deciding what information to consume, produce and share (in addition to deciding what links to form/maintain/break) and that agents begin with incomplete information about others (i.e., they must learn about others). As a result, neither network science nor microeconomics provides a useful methodology for understanding, predicting and guiding the formation (and evolution) of real networks and the consequences of network formation. The overarching goal of this research project is to develop such a methodology. The research plan will take into account that agents behave strategically and that they begin with incomplete information about each other and thus must learn over time what information to produce and consume, and which connections to form and maintain and which to break. Thus, agents? learning and the network structure coevolve over time. A distinguishing feature of the current project is the application of social norms to understand and promote the evolution and well-functioning of networks.