Utilizing Remote Sensing to Assess the Implication of Tall Building Performance on the Resilience of Urban Centers

利用遥感评估高层建筑性能对城市中心复原力的影响

• 批准号: 1538866
• 负责人: Henry Burton
• 金额: $ 53.41万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-10-01 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1538866&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Utilizing; Remote; Sensing; Assess; Implication

Tall buildings have become a staple of central business districts in the United States and other parts of the world, reflecting the intersection of increased urbanization with the constraints of limited land space. Recent advancements in computer modeling and performance-based engineering are enabling improved scientific assessment of the expected seismic performance of tall buildings in terms of stakeholder-driven metrics, such as the cost to repair damage from future earthquakes. However, these methodologies are based on the notion of the building as "an island," where seismic impacts are constrained within its footprint. However, recent earthquakes that have occurred around the world have highlighted the critical role of building performance in minimizing the impact on community functionality. This research aims to address this fundamental limitation by investigating and applying new methods to assess the impact of tall building performance on the resilience of dense urban centers, using downtown Los Angeles as a test bed. Los Angeles is selected due to the density of tall buildings, both old and new, existence of the only mandatory seismic instrumentation program in a U.S. city, and recent focus on resiliency by city government officials. An educational and outreach program will be established to create new learning modules for undergraduate students, which provide an appreciation of the critical relationship between the response of buildings to extreme events and the functionality of the communities they serve. The research program will include active participation from undergraduate and graduate students, local building officials, and researchers and practitioners with interests in performance assessment of tall buildings, application of sensor networks for monitoring and decision making, and development of local, regional, and national standards, guidelines, and codes. A primary research goal is to provide a framework that can be used in other urban centers in the U.S. This research entails three main tasks: (1) investigate how to model and assess the seismic performance of tall buildings by using and enhancing the only mandatory seismic instrumentation program for buildings that exists in the U.S. in the City of Los Angeles, (2) develop a framework that enables the study of the impact of tall buildings on the resilience of urban clusters by using Los Angeles as a test bed, and (3) create tools that enhance data use and visualization, creating opportunities for collaboration among scientists, engineers, social scientists, and policy makers. The research program will improve Los Angeles' standing as a field laboratory, which, after the occurrence of a large earthquake event, in addition to facilitating a rapid assessment of damage, will generate valuable building response data that cannot be obtained from reduced-scale experiments of idealized structures. Alternative and novel sensors will be used to capture important building responses to enable better performance assessment. Structural models will also be developed with advanced characterization of nonlinear behavior and earthquake ground motions. These models will be used to generate engineering demand parameters for the resilience-based assessment, which includes a probabilistic multi-limit state assessment of performance and quantifying the temporal evolution of the building's functionality following an earthquake. The research program tackles an important and challenging problem that will advance the ability to model and design tall buildings, taking into account the impact of their performance on urban resilience. Technology transfer will include active participation of local building officials and interactions with researchers and practicing engineers in the U.S. and abroad.

高层建筑已成为美国和世界其他地区中央商务区的主要建筑，反映了城市化进程与有限土地空间限制的交叉。计算机建模和基于性能的工程的最新进展，使高层建筑的预期抗震性能的科学评估，在业主驱动的指标，如成本，以修复未来地震的损害。然而，这些方法是基于建筑物作为“一个岛屿”的概念，其中地震影响被限制在其足迹内。 然而，最近世界各地发生的地震突出了建筑性能在最大限度地减少对社区功能影响方面的关键作用。本研究旨在以洛杉矶市中心为测试平台，通过调查和应用新方法来评估高层建筑性能对密集城市中心弹性的影响，从而解决这一根本限制。选择洛杉矶的原因是：新旧高层建筑的密度高、美国城市中唯一的强制性地震仪器计划的存在，以及市政府官员最近对弹性的关注。将建立一个教育和推广计划，为本科生创建新的学习模块，使他们了解建筑物对极端事件的反应与其所服务的社区的功能之间的重要关系。该研究计划将包括本科生和研究生，当地建筑官员，研究人员和从业人员的积极参与，他们对高层建筑的性能评估感兴趣，传感器网络在监测和决策中的应用，以及地方，区域和国家标准，指南和规范的制定。一个主要的研究目标是提供一个框架，可用于在美国其他城市中心这项研究需要三个主要任务：（1）研究如何通过使用和加强美国洛杉矶市唯一的建筑物强制性地震仪器计划来模拟和评估高层建筑的抗震性能，（2）开发一个框架，以洛杉矶为试验平台，研究高层建筑对城市群弹性的影响;（3）创建工具，增强数据使用和可视化，为科学家、工程师、社会科学家和政策制定者之间的合作创造机会。该研究计划将提高洛杉矶作为现场实验室的地位，在发生大地震事件后，除了促进快速评估损失外，还将产生有价值的建筑物反应数据，这些数据无法从理想化结构的缩小规模实验中获得。 替代和新型传感器将用于捕捉重要的建筑物反应，以实现更好的性能评估。还将开发具有非线性行为和地震地面运动先进特征的结构模型。这些模型将被用来生成工程需求参数，以进行基于概率的评估，其中包括对性能的概率性多极限状态评估，并量化地震后建筑物功能的时间演变。该研究计划解决了一个重要且具有挑战性的问题，该问题将提高高层建筑建模和设计的能力，同时考虑到其性能对城市弹性的影响。技术转让将包括当地建筑官员的积极参与，以及与美国和国外的研究人员和执业工程师的互动。