Utilizing Remote Sensing to Assess the Implication of Tall Building Performance on the Resilience of Urban Centers

在美国和世界其他地区，高层建筑已经成为中央商务区的主要建筑，这反映了日益增长的城市化与有限的土地空间约束的交集。计算机建模和基于性能的工程技术的最新进展，使人们能够根据利益相关者驱动的指标（如未来地震损坏的修复成本），改进对高层建筑预期抗震性能的科学评估。然而，这些方法是基于建筑作为“岛屿”的概念，地震影响被限制在其足迹范围内。然而，最近世界各地发生的地震突出了建筑性能在最大限度地减少对社区功能的影响方面的关键作用。本研究旨在通过调查和应用新方法来评估高层建筑性能对密集城市中心弹性的影响，从而解决这一基本限制，并以洛杉矶市中心为试验平台。洛杉矶被选中的原因是高层建筑的密度，无论是旧的还是新的，在美国城市中唯一的强制性地震仪器项目的存在，以及市政府官员最近对弹性的关注。将建立一个教育和推广项目，为本科生创建新的学习模块，让他们了解建筑对极端事件的反应与所服务社区的功能之间的关键关系。该研究项目将包括本科生和研究生、当地建筑官员、对高层建筑性能评估、用于监测和决策的传感器网络应用以及地方、区域和国家标准、指南和规范的开发感兴趣的研究人员和从业人员的积极参与。主要的研究目标是提供一个可以在美国其他城市中心使用的框架。这项研究包括三个主要任务：(1)研究如何建模和评估使用,提高高层建筑的抗震性能的唯一强制性地震仪器项目建筑存在于美国的洛杉矶,(2)开发一个框架,使研究高层建筑对城市集群的韧性的影响通过洛杉矶作为一个测试床,和(3)创建工具,提高数据使用和可视化,为科学家之间的合作创造机会,工程师、社会科学家和政策制定者。该研究项目将提高洛杉矶作为现场实验室的地位，在大地震事件发生后，除了促进快速评估损害外，还将产生有价值的建筑响应数据，这些数据无法从理想结构的缩小规模实验中获得。替代和新颖的传感器将用于捕获重要的建筑响应，以实现更好的性能评估。结构模型也将发展与非线性行为和地震地面运动的先进表征。这些模型将用于为基于弹性的评估生成工程需求参数，其中包括对性能的概率多极限状态评估和量化地震后建筑物功能的时间演变。该研究项目解决了一个重要而具有挑战性的问题，这将提高高层建筑的建模和设计能力，同时考虑到高层建筑对城市弹性的影响。技术转让将包括当地建筑官员的积极参与，以及与美国和国外的研究人员和执业工程师的互动。

Tall buildings have become a staple of central business districts in the United States and other parts of the world, reflecting the intersection of increased urbanization with the constraints of limited land space. Recent advancements in computer modeling and performance-based engineering are enabling improved scientific assessment of the expected seismic performance of tall buildings in terms of stakeholder-driven metrics, such as the cost to repair damage from future earthquakes. However, these methodologies are based on the notion of the building as "an island," where seismic impacts are constrained within its footprint. However, recent earthquakes that have occurred around the world have highlighted the critical role of building performance in minimizing the impact on community functionality. This research aims to address this fundamental limitation by investigating and applying new methods to assess the impact of tall building performance on the resilience of dense urban centers, using downtown Los Angeles as a test bed. Los Angeles is selected due to the density of tall buildings, both old and new, existence of the only mandatory seismic instrumentation program in a U.S. city, and recent focus on resiliency by city government officials. An educational and outreach program will be established to create new learning modules for undergraduate students, which provide an appreciation of the critical relationship between the response of buildings to extreme events and the functionality of the communities they serve. The research program will include active participation from undergraduate and graduate students, local building officials, and researchers and practitioners with interests in performance assessment of tall buildings, application of sensor networks for monitoring and decision making, and development of local, regional, and national standards, guidelines, and codes. A primary research goal is to provide a framework that can be used in other urban centers in the U.S. This research entails three main tasks: (1) investigate how to model and assess the seismic performance of tall buildings by using and enhancing the only mandatory seismic instrumentation program for buildings that exists in the U.S. in the City of Los Angeles, (2) develop a framework that enables the study of the impact of tall buildings on the resilience of urban clusters by using Los Angeles as a test bed, and (3) create tools that enhance data use and visualization, creating opportunities for collaboration among scientists, engineers, social scientists, and policy makers. The research program will improve Los Angeles' standing as a field laboratory, which, after the occurrence of a large earthquake event, in addition to facilitating a rapid assessment of damage, will generate valuable building response data that cannot be obtained from reduced-scale experiments of idealized structures. Alternative and novel sensors will be used to capture important building responses to enable better performance assessment. Structural models will also be developed with advanced characterization of nonlinear behavior and earthquake ground motions. These models will be used to generate engineering demand parameters for the resilience-based assessment, which includes a probabilistic multi-limit state assessment of performance and quantifying the temporal evolution of the building's functionality following an earthquake. The research program tackles an important and challenging problem that will advance the ability to model and design tall buildings, taking into account the impact of their performance on urban resilience. Technology transfer will include active participation of local building officials and interactions with researchers and practicing engineers in the U.S. and abroad.