Design of an Integrated Borehole Seismic and Geodetic Sensor

对构造和地震过程的理解依赖于对地球运动的观测，这些运动的周期从几年到几分之一秒，幅度从纳米到米。到目前为止，这样的观测来自各种仪器，如地震仪、大地测量质量的GPS接收器、重力仪和应变仪。即使GPS网络可以达到接近地震的频率，天文台级地震仪也可以延伸到大地测量范围，但所需的多种仪器既复杂又昂贵，部署和操作起来也很昂贵。这笔奖金将资助一种综合仪器的概念和设计，该仪器将提供许多相关信息。这种仪器概念将满足全球地震台网的严格要求，同时提供比GPS噪音低得多的大地测量。该仪器安装在一个简单的钻孔探空仪中，建造、安装和操作成本低廉。如果我们的期望得到满足，那么大幅度扩大大地/地震观测网将成为现实。地震和大地测量数据与社会重要问题相关的地点包括火山、沉陷区、油田和二氧化碳封存。该仪器将在这些环境中提供低噪声和极宽带数据，增强对诱发地震活动、储层动态和喷发前行为等过程的理解能力。

The understanding of tectonic and earthquake processes depends upon observations of earth motions that span periods from years to fractions of a second and amplitudes from nanometers to meters. Up until now such observations came from a variety of instruments such as seismometers, geodetic-quality GPS receivers, gravimeters, and strain meters. Even as GPS networks are reaching up to nearly seismic frequencies and observatory quality seismometers extend down into the geodetic range, the multiple instruments required are complex and expensive to deploy and operate. This award will fund the concept and design of a combined instrument that will provide much of the relevant information. This instrument concept will meet the stringent requirements of the Global Seismographic Network while providing geodetic measurements with significantly lower noise than GPS. Housed in a simple borehole sonde, the instrument will be inexpensive to construct, install, and operate. If our expectations are met it will become practical to significantly expand the network of geodetic/seismic observations. Locations in which both seismic and geodetic data are relevant to socially-important problems include volcanoes, areas of subsidence, oil fields, and CO2 sequestration The proposed instrument will provide low noise and extremely broadband data in such settings, enhancing the ability to understand such processes as induced seismicity, reservoir dynamics, and pre-eruption behavior.