EAGER: Improving Resource Utilization Through Peer-to-Peer Resource Sharing Systems

EAGER：通过点对点资源共享系统提高资源利用率

• 批准号: 1550532
• 负责人: Jennifer Pazour
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1550532&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Improving; Resource; Utilization; Through

A novel way to increase resource efficiency is through the use of existing, idle capacity. A Peer-to-Peer Resource Sharing System is one where a resource owned by an individual is collectively shared with a group of users. The shared resource can be a physical resource (like a power drill) or a human resource (like the ability to perform a task). By focusing on access over ownership, these Systems allow physical assets to be consumed as services and tasks to be completed by independent individuals. A fundamental characteristic in these Systems is that both supply and demand originate from independent freelance users. Therefore, to match supply with demand in these Systems, a sequential process is common. A central mechanism recommends a set of available alternatives to decentralized users, who then select an alternative (or none at all) based on the user's valuation of the alternatives. This EArly-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) award supports fundamental research to understand how to effectively match independent individuals through a central mechanism that allows for user selection. The new knowledge gained through this research can lead to Peer-to-Peer Resource Sharing Systems that are better understood, designed, and operated, which has the potential to positively impact important systemic societal issues such as transportation congestion, rising population increases, and limited natural resources. As the younger generation is early adopters of these systems, the integration of this research with educational and outreach activities has the potential to excite a new generation of engineers.The research will improve understanding of how to model and incorporate independent freelance user behavior into an optimization framework and introduce a new class of problems that considers how a central mechanism recommends a set of alternatives to decentralized users for selection. It will develop high fidelity models that incorporate theories and methods from the fields of recommender systems and consumer choice models to describe user preferences and selection behaviors in Peer-to-Peer Resource Sharing Systems. An outcome of decentralized user selection is that a 1-to-1 match of supply to demand does not always occur. Thus, a new understanding on how to determine the best way to rectify the demand requests and supply slots that have either been rejected or have duplicate selections will be explored. In doing so, a number of questions about the design of sequential, simultaneous, and hybrid protocols that match decentralized supply with demand will be answered.

提高资源效率的一种新方法是利用现有的闲置产能。点对点资源共享系统是指个人拥有的资源与一组用户共同共享的系统。共享的资源可以是物理资源（如电钻）或人力资源（如执行任务的能力）。通过关注访问而不是所有权，这些系统允许实体资产作为服务和任务由独立的个人完成。这些系统的一个基本特征是，供应和需求都来自于独立的自由用户。因此，为了使这些系统中的供给与需求相匹配，通常采用顺序过程。中心机制向去中心化的用户推荐一组可用的替代方案，然后用户根据用户对替代方案的评估选择一个替代方案（或根本不选择）。这一探索性研究的早期概念资助（EAGER）奖支持基础研究，以了解如何通过允许用户选择的中心机制有效地匹配独立个体。通过这项研究获得的新知识可以导致更好地理解、设计和操作点对点资源共享系统，这有可能对重要的系统性社会问题产生积极影响，如交通拥堵、人口增长和有限的自然资源。由于年轻一代是这些系统的早期采用者，因此将这项研究与教育和推广活动相结合，有可能激发新一代工程师。该研究将提高对如何将独立自由用户行为建模并纳入优化框架的理解，并引入一类新的问题，该问题考虑了中央机制如何向分散的用户推荐一组替代方案进行选择。它将开发高保真模型，结合推荐系统和消费者选择模型领域的理论和方法来描述点对点资源共享系统中的用户偏好和选择行为。分散用户选择的一个结果是，供需之间的1:1匹配并不总是发生。因此，将探索如何确定纠正被拒绝或有重复选择的需求请求和供应槽的最佳方法的新理解。在这样做的过程中，一些关于顺序、同步和混合协议设计的问题将得到回答，这些协议将使分散的供应与需求相匹配。