Collaborative Research: Evolutionary genomics of plant-fungal symbiosis: coevolution of Pinaceae and their ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Suillus

松茸（Suillus）是一种很容易识别的真菌，在世界各地的森林中与松树密切共生，在生态系统的功能中起着至关重要的作用。这些外生菌根真菌为它们的植物宿主提供资源和保护，免受病原体的侵害，作为交换，蘑菇接受植物来源的糖。这项研究将加强对这些植物和真菌如何共同进化的理解，这将广泛地为植物-微生物相互作用的一般领域提供信息。该项目将增加真菌生态学家和系统学家之间的合作，他们研究这些真菌的生物学和生态学。通过实地收集、知识交流和参加科学讲习班，将为来自广泛学术和工业环境的科学家建立专业网络，并关注代表性不足的群体。该研究项目旨在通过与当地蘑菇俱乐部和业余真菌学家的合作，向公众推广，包括讲座、研讨会和参与实地抽样。松科植物的共同进化历史尚未得到充分的研究，这阻碍了基因组学的全面整合，以了解emf -植物共同进化的分子机制。本研究将利用在真菌学领域新颖的系统基因组学技术，建立一个强大而全面的水蛭属分子系统发育系统。对松树基因组进行广泛的互补测序，也将为推进本项目内外的松树基因组学研究提供有用的数据。其他研究成果将包括为Suillus产生至少五个基因组（目前只有两个可用），以及从emf定植的根中提取Suillus和松树的多个成员的转录组。总的来说，这些分子资源将涉及多个学科：参与共同进化和宿主特异性的代谢和信号网络，以及真菌-宿主识别、通信和营养获取和交换。这些产品将在真菌学、植物学、生态学和进化生物学等领域发挥重要作用。

Bolete mushrooms (Suillus) are easily recognized fungi that live in close association (symbiosis) with pine tree in forests around the world, and they provide critical roles in the functioning of ecosystems. These ectomycorrhizal fungi provide their plant hosts with resources and protection from pathogens, and in exchange, the mushrooms receive plant-derived sugars. This research will enhance understanding of how these plants and fungi have co-evolved, and this will broadly inform the general area of plant-microbe interactions. The project will increase collaboration among a large network of fungal ecologists and systematists who study biology and ecology of these fungi. Through field collection, knowledge exchange, and participation in scientific workshops, professional networks will be built for scientists from a wide range of academic and industry settings, with attention to underrepresented groups. The research project is geared toward outreach to the general public through partnership with local mushroom clubs and amateur mycologists that will involve lectures, workshops, and participation in field sampling.The co-evolutionary history of Suillus-Pinaceae has not been well studied, which has prevented the full integration of genomics to understand molecular mechanisms of EMF-plant co-evolution. This proposed research will produce a robust and comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the genus Suillus using phylogenomics techniques novel to the field of mycology. Complementary broad sequencing of pine genomes will also provide useful data in which to advance genomics of pines both within and outside of this project. Additional research products will include the generation of least five more genomes for Suillus (only two are currently available) and transcriptomes for multiple members of Suillus and the pines from EMF-colonized roots. Collectively, these molecular resources would be relevant across multiple disciplines: metabolic and signaling networks that participate in co-evolution and host specificity as well as fungal-host recognition, communication, and nutrient acquisition and exchanges. These products will be important for the fields of mycology, botany, ecology, and evolutionary biology.