Legal Forms of Firm Organization, Corporate Governance, and Business Expansion in the Middle East between 1887 and 1950

1887 年至 1950 年间中东地区公司组织、公司治理和业务扩张的法律形式

• 批准号: 1559273
• 负责人: Cihan Artunc
• 金额: $ 29.07万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1559273&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Legal; Forms; Firm; Organization; Corporate

Despite extensive studies on the adoption of legal forms of business organization and its relation to commercial expansion in the U.S. and Western Europe, the evolution of firm organization in the Middle East has received little attention. Due to the Middle East's important status in the past and present world economy, and its long and varied history of economic reforms, a greater understanding of Middle East economic history will yield insights about the region's historical development as well as determinants of business growth today. This project examines how legal institutions affect business formation and expansion, and more generally, what types of legal rules might be effective in fostering investment and commercial growth. Understanding the legal structures that promote business growth and establishment of a robust private sector reveals political and legal insights that promote successful enterprise. This project explores these questions by constructing a large, novel dataset of Turkish and Egyptian partnerships and corporations at the firm level between 1887 and 1950. The main sources of this dataset are business directories and commercial newspapers that published partnership contracts and corporation charters. The investigator will use this firm-level dataset to develop and test a theory of partnership formation and dissolution; examine the relationship between legal forms of firm organization, transplantation of European law, and business expansion; explore the links between corporate governance, industrialization and the political economy of these two countries; and investigate the disappearance of non-Muslim enterprises which had long dominated the Middle East's commercial life. The examination of corporations and their boards of directors, especially the formation of an interlocking directorate made up of securities underwriters and government members, will reveal the role of corporate governance and the state in industrialization, industrial organization, and firm performance.

尽管对美国和西欧商业组织法律形式的采用及其与商业扩张的关系进行了广泛的研究，但中东公司组织的演变却很少受到关注。由于中东在过去和现在的世界经济中的重要地位，及其漫长而多样的经济改革历史，对中东经济史的深入了解将有助于深入了解该地区的历史发展以及当今商业增长的决定因素。该项目研究法律制度如何影响企业的形成和扩张，以及更广泛地研究哪些类型的法律规则可能有效促进投资和商业增长。了解促进企业增长和建立强大私营部门的法律结构揭示了促进企业成功的政治和法律见解。该项目通过构建 1887 年至 1950 年间土耳其和埃及公司层面的合伙企业和公司的大型新颖数据集来探讨这些问题。该数据集的主要来源是商业目录和发布合伙合同和公司章程的商业报纸。调查人员将使用该公司级数据集来开发和测试合伙企业形成和解散的理论；研究公司组织的法律形式、欧洲法律的移植和业务扩张之间的关系；探讨两国公司治理、工业化和政治经济之间的联系；并调查长期主导中东商业生活的非穆斯林企业的消失。对公司及其董事会的审查，特别是由证券承销商和政府成员组成的连锁董事会的形成，将揭示公司治理和国家在工业化、产业组织和公司绩效中的作用。