GOALI/Collaborative Research: Additive Manufacturing of Mechanically Strong and Electrochemically Robust Porous Electrodes for Ultra-High Energy Density Batteries

GOALI/合作研究：用于超高能量密度电池的机械强度和电化学鲁棒性多孔电极的增材制造

• 批准号: 1563546
• 负责人: Rahul Panat
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2017-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1563546&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: GOALI; Collaborative; Research; Additive; Manufacturing

This Grant Opportunity for Academic Liaison with Industry (GOALI) award supports fundamental research to enable the realization of reliable and ultra-high energy density batteries by low cost manufacturing methods. Research results can help in making electric vehicles cost-competitive with gasoline powered vehicles. The research will also benefit the Internet of Things, the healthcare, and the consumer electronics industry, because many applications need robust and high capacity batteries. In addition, this project will help train US workforce in the interdisciplinary areas of energy, advanced materials, and advanced manufacturing through the development of interdisciplinary curricula and various science activities for diverse youth. This research focuses on making 3D electrodes using an aerosol jet-based additive manufacturing method along with nanoparticle sintering. The first research objective is to establish relationships between process parameters and the quality of 3D electrode architecture produced by the processes. Process parameters of aerosol jet-based additive manufacturing include carrier gas pressure, and nanoparticle size and dispersion; and sintering process parameters include sintering energy and time. The quality of 3D electrode architecture will be measured in terms of porosity level, pore geometry, specific capacity, and resistance to capacity fade. This objective will be achieved by carrying out experimental research guided by theoretical models. The solidification of nanoparticle solutions upon dispense and the consecutive sintering process will be modelled by using a discretized particle model and a diffusive model. Further, a model that solves the Li diffusion equation coupled with stress evolution and the cracking in the porous electrode will be developed using a multi-scale modeling approach. These models will guide the additive fabrication experiments using high specific capacity materials such as silicon and silicon dioxide. The second objective is to identify relationships between the characteristics of an artificial coating on the electrode and the resistance to electrode capacity fade. The characteristics of the coating include the thickness and uniformity of the coated layer. To achieve this objective, atomic layer deposition will be used to create an electrode-electrolyte interface layer over the 3D porous electrodes. Several microscopic analyses such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy will be used to measure the coating thickness and uniformity. Battery electrochemical experiments will then be carried out and the resistance to capacity fade will be measured using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy.

该学术与工业联络资助机会（GOALI）奖支持基础研究，以通过低成本制造方法实现可靠的超高能量密度电池。研究结果可以帮助电动汽车在成本上与汽油动力汽车竞争。这项研究也将有利于物联网，医疗保健和消费电子行业，因为许多应用需要强大的高容量电池。 此外，该项目还将通过为不同的青年开发跨学科课程和各种科学活动，帮助在能源、先进材料和先进制造等跨学科领域培养美国劳动力。本研究的重点是使用基于气溶胶喷射的增材制造方法沿着纳米颗粒烧结来制造3D电极。第一个研究目标是建立工艺参数和由工艺产生的3D电极结构的质量之间的关系。基于气溶胶喷射的增材制造的工艺参数包括载气压力、纳米颗粒尺寸和分散度;烧结工艺参数包括烧结能量和时间。3D电极结构的质量将根据孔隙率水平、孔几何形状、比容量和抗容量衰减性来测量。这一目标将通过在理论模型指导下进行实验研究来实现。纳米颗粒溶液在分配和连续烧结过程中的固化将通过使用离散颗粒模型和扩散模型来建模。此外，将使用多尺度建模方法开发求解Li扩散方程与多孔电极中的应力演化和开裂的模型。这些模型将指导使用高比容量材料（如硅和二氧化硅）的增材制造实验。第二个目的是确定电极上的人工涂层的特性与电极容量衰减的抗性之间的关系。涂层的特性包括涂层的厚度和均匀性。为了实现这一目标，原子层沉积将用于在3D多孔电极上创建电极-电解质界面层。将使用原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等几种显微镜分析来测量涂层厚度和均匀性。然后进行电池电化学实验，并使用循环伏安法和阻抗谱法测量抗容量衰减性。