Evaluation of the Chemical Drivers behind Membrane Integrity Loss in Halide-Impaired Waters during Chemical Disinfection to Advance Optimal Membrane Structural Design

评估化学消毒过程中卤化物受损水中膜完整性损失背后的化学驱动因素，以推进最佳膜结构设计

• 批准号: 1605882
• 负责人: Amisha Shah
• 金额: $ 26.2万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1605882&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evaluation; Chemical; Drivers; behind; Membrane

160588ShahIn recent years, the role of membrane filtration to treat salt-impaired waters has become more commonplace as freshwater shortages have increased the demand for seawater desalination and water reuse. The process of disinfection and desalination of impaired waters is challenged by the extreme variation in water composition. This project presents a fundamental research framework which will enable future informed design of water treatment strategies under such impaired water conditions, specifically with respect to prolonging membrane lifetime. The central aim of this research project is to integrate governing chemical principles of polymers and aqueous phase chemistry to advance the scientific foundation in membrane engineering applications. The project has the following planned outcomes: (1) prediction of membrane degradation following disinfectant exposure in halide-impaired waters, and, (2) informed design of novel membrane surfaces that are resistant to these effects. To achieve these outcomes, solid membrane materials and model compounds that serve as their chemical analogs will be used to assess chemical kinetics, by-product formation, and morphological and chemical alterations of the membrane surface. Model feedstock waters will contain various mixtures of halide salts (e.g. chloride, bromide, and iodide ions) as well as chemical disinfectants (e.g. free chlorine and chloramines) in order to measure combined chemical effects. The experimental program will identify the effects of water quality (i.e. salinity, temperature) and operational conditions (oxidant dose). This is especially important given that concentration polarization effects observed during membrane filtration can potentially magnify the impact of such parameters. Finally, this project will inform the design of novel membrane surfaces that minimize membrane failure through chemical and structural modifications. The development of such membrane materials would represent a clear technological advancement which could result in significant energy and economic savings to facilities treating impaired waters. Overall, this project will provide desalination industries and water reclamation utilities valuable insight on how impaired waters with high salt (halide) content will effect membrane performance when various disinfection strategies are applied prior to nanofiltration and reverse osmosis treatment.

160588 Shah近年来，由于淡水短缺增加了对海水淡化和水再利用的需求，膜过滤在处理盐损害的沃茨中的作用变得越来越普遍。受损沃茨的消毒和脱盐过程受到水成分极端变化的挑战。该项目提出了一个基本的研究框架，这将使未来的水处理策略的知情设计在这种受损的水条件下，特别是在延长膜寿命。该研究项目的中心目标是整合聚合物和水相化学的化学原理，以推进膜工程应用的科学基础。该项目具有以下计划成果：（1）预测在卤素受损沃茨中暴露于消毒剂后的膜降解，以及（2）设计能够抵抗这些影响的新型膜表面。为了实现这些结果，固体膜材料和作为其化学类似物的模型化合物将用于评估化学动力学、副产物形成以及膜表面的形态和化学改变。模型给料沃茨将含有卤化物盐（例如氯离子、溴离子和碘离子）以及化学消毒剂（例如游离氯和氯胺）的各种混合物，以测量组合的化学效应。实验计划将确定水质（即盐度，温度）和操作条件（氧化剂剂量）的影响。这一点尤其重要，因为在膜过滤过程中观察到的浓差极化效应可能会放大这些参数的影响。最后，该项目将为新型膜表面的设计提供信息，通过化学和结构修饰来最大限度地减少膜失效。这种膜材料的开发将代表一种明显的技术进步，其可以导致处理受损沃茨的设施的显著的能量和经济节约。总的来说，该项目将为海水淡化行业和水回收公用事业提供有价值的见解，即当在纳滤和反渗透处理之前应用各种消毒策略时，高盐（卤化物）含量的受损沃茨将如何影响膜性能。