Molecular-Based Studies of Metal, Metal Oxide and Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Transformations in the Environment

在这个由美国国家科学基金会化学部环境化学科学项目资助的项目中，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的Vicki H. Grassian教授正在研究金属基纳米材料如何在环境中变化和转化。拟议的活动侧重于基于分子的研究，以更好地了解环境中金属、金属氧化物和金属硫化物纳米颗粒的化学变化。虽然在过去的十年中，大量的研究集中在纳米粒子的自然状态的环境研究，而只有少数研究集中在纳米粒子如何由于环境中的化学处理而发生变化的分子细节上。纳米粒子在温度、相对湿度和太阳辐射等环境条件下会老化并发生转化。随着这些材料的老化和变形，它们的性质发生了变化，使其难以识别结构和性质。功能和结构？性质？危险的关系。本课题主要研究纳米粒子对环境的影响及其与生物分子和生物系统的相互作用。这些研究的广泛影响促进了可持续纳米技术的目标，并为通过研究、教学和推广活动扩大参与、培训和吸引各级学生提供了基础。这些研究为学生提供了一个参与高度跨学科研究领域的机会，涉及环境科学、纳米科学、工程、胶体科学、材料和表面化学。本研究项目研究潮湿和水环境下金属和金属硫化物纳米颗粒的氧化，潮湿环境下金属氧化物纳米颗粒的碳酸盐形成，以及水环境下纳米颗粒的表面配体反应（吸附和置换）。这些研究用于更好地了解纳米科学和纳米技术对环境和健康的潜在影响，并有助于回答有关人造纳米材料的转化和命运的问题。随着纳米材料的老化和转化，它们的性质发生了变化，使得结构-性能-功能和结构-性能-危害关系的识别变得困难。因此，衰老影响了它们在环境中的行为以及它们与生物分子和生物系统的相互作用。特别是，拟议的活动侧重于更好地理解金属、金属氧化物和金属硫化物纳米颗粒（包括Cu、CuO、Cu、Ag2S、ZnO、ZnS和TiO2）在分子水平上的转化，以及这些过程如何影响纳米颗粒的物理化学性质，这些性质对这些材料的环境、健康和安全（EHS）考虑至关重要。

In this project funded by the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program in the Chemistry Division at the National Science Foundation, Professor Vicki H. Grassian of the University of California San Diego is investigating how metal-based nanomaterials change and transform in the environment. The proposed activities focus on molecular-based studies to better understand chemical changes in metal, metal oxide and metal sulfide nanoparticles in the environment. Although in the past decade, a number of studies have focused on environmental studies of nanoparticles in their native states, while only a few studies have focused on the molecular details of how nanoparticles can change due to chemical processing in the environment. Nanoparticles can age and undergo transformations under ambient conditions of temperature, relative humidity and in the presence of solar radiation. As these materials age and transform, their properties are altered making it difficult to identify structure?property?function and structure?property?hazard relationships. This research studies the impact of nanoparticle in the environment as well their interactions with biomolecules and biological systems. The broader impact of these studies advance the goals of sustainable nanotechnology and provide a foundation for broadening participation and training and engaging students at all levels through research, teaching and outreach activities. These studies provide students with an opportunity to engage in a highly interdisciplinary research area that involves environmental science, nanoscience, engineering, colloid science, materials and surface chemistry.This research program studies the cxidation of metal and metal sulfide nanoparticles in humid and aqueous environments, carbonate formation of metal oxide nanoparticles in humid environments, and surface ligand reactions (adsorption and displacement) on nanoparticles in aqueous environments. These studies are used to better understand the potential environmental and health implications of nanoscience and nanotechnology and contribute to answering questions concerning the transformation and fate of manufactured nanomaterials. As nanomaterials age and transform, their properties are altered making it difficult to identify structure-property-function and structure-property-hazard relationships. Therefore aging impacts their behavior in the environment as well their interactions with biomolecules and biological systems. In particular, the proposed activities focus on better understanding transformations of metal, metal oxide and metal sulfide nanoparticles (including Cu, CuO, CuS, Ag2S, ZnO ZnS and TiO2) on a molecular level and how these processes impact nanoparticle physicochemical properties important in the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) considerations of these materials.