Position-Dependent Space Weather Hazards of Societal Significance in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide

地球-电离层波导中具有社会意义的位置相关空间天气危害

• 批准号: 1614381
• 负责人: Jamesina Simpson
• 金额: $ 0.85万
• 依托单位: University of Utah
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-15 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1614381&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Position; Dependent; Space; Weather; Hazards

The goal of the proposed research is to greatly improve our ability to understand and predictspace weather hazards to (1) electric power grids; and (2) electromagnetic wave propagation inthe Earth-ionosphere waveguide up to ~20 kHz. The methodology of the proposed work is toadvance and apply detailed, high-resolution Maxwell's equations models of the Earth-ionospherewaveguide developed by the project over the past decade. The project's three-dimensional (3-D) modelsuniquely include such details as the Earth?s complete topography, oceans, lithospherecomposition, geomagnetic field, and ionospheric plasma. The proposed research study is unique as existing analytical formulations or computationalapproaches applied to the investigated topics above do not solve the complete Maxwell'sequations while also accounting for all of the 3-D geometrical details and time variability aspermitted by the project's models.A 2008 National Academies report indicates that extreme spaceweather events, "though rare, are likely to occur again some time in the future." However, a re-occurrenceof an 1859-magnitude CME-driven geomagnetic storm could disrupt today's humansociety to a much greater degree than in 1859 due to the proliferation of vital but vulnerableelectro-technologies. The first goal of the proposed modeling is to help individual power gridstations understand their specific vulnerability to space weather. The second goal of theproposed modeling is to help improve our understanding of electromagnetic propagation in theEarth-ionosphere waveguide under disturbed conditions. Applications that may benefit from thiswork include: remote sensing of the lower ionosphere, hypothesized electromagnetic earthquakeprecursors, propagation from lightning, geolocation, communications, and even globaltemperature change.

这项拟议研究的目标是极大地提高我们了解和预测空间天气对(1)电网的危害；(2)电磁波在地球-电离层波导中传播高达~20千赫的能力。拟议工作的方法论是推进和应用该项目在过去十年中开发的详细、高分辨率的地球-电离层波导麦克斯韦方程模型。该项目的三维(3-D)模型独特地包括了地球？S完整的地形、海洋、岩石圈成分、地磁场和电离层等离子体等细节。这项拟议的研究是独一无二的，因为应用于上述调查主题的现有分析公式或计算方法并不能解决麦克斯韦方程的完整问题，同时还能解释项目模型所允许的所有3-D几何细节和时间变异性。2008年美国国家科学院的一份报告指出，极端空间天气事件“虽然罕见，但很可能在未来某个时候再次发生。”然而，由于重要但脆弱的电子技术的扩散，1859级CME引发的地磁风暴的再次发生可能会对今天的人类社会造成比1859年更大的破坏。拟议的建模的第一个目标是帮助各个电网站了解它们在太空天气下的具体脆弱性。所提出的模型的第二个目标是帮助我们更好地理解扰动条件下地球-电离层波导中的电磁传播。可能受益于这项工作的应用包括：低电离层的遥感、假设的电磁地震前兆、闪电传播、地理定位、通信，甚至全球温度变化。