Integrated Molecular, Dynamic Imaging, and Modeling Analysis of Stomatal Guard Cell Walls

气孔保卫细胞壁的综合分子、动态成像和建模分析

• 批准号: 1616316
• 负责人: Charles Anderson
• 金额: $ 83.16万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1616316&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Integrated; Molecular; Dynamic; Imaging; Modeling

This project seeks to determine how the carbohydrate-based cell walls of guard cells dynamically change shape to control stomatal pore size, thus allowing plants to control carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water loss. Stomata are small openings in the surfaces of plants that regulate the photosynthetic conversion of CO2 into plant biomass, which serves as a renewable source of food, materials, and bioenergy. A deeper understanding of cell wall structure, mechanics, and dynamics in stomatal guard cells will help identify plants that can more efficiently use water, a major limiting factor in global agricultural production. The computational image analysis and modeling tools that will be developed in this project will provide scientists with new ways of interpreting and understanding experimental data. Because stomatal guard cells are an amazing example of cellular engineering by plants and are accessible and observable by scientists of all ages, a learning module will be developed and deployed that allows 4th through 8th graders to observe stomatal dynamics first-hand and challenges them to construct and optimize functioning macro-scale models of stomatal guard cells, helping to inspire future scientists and engineers. This project will also train two PhD students and a research associate in interdisciplinary research skills that cross the boundaries of biology, computer and information science, and engineering.In plants, stomatal guard cells function as dynamic gatekeepers that control CO2 and water flux to maintain homeostasis. To control transpiration and photosynthesis, stomatal development, morphology, and mechanics are tightly regulated. However, two large gaps exist in our knowledge of how stomata develop and function. First, stomatal pores form via controlled separation of sister guard cells, but how this is accomplished is unknown. Second, the walls of guard cells must be highly flexible to enable repeated stomatal opening and closing, but strong enough to withstand the enormous turgor pressure that drives their deformation. How guard cell walls are molecularly constructed to meet these competing requirements remains largely undefined. This project will analyze the molecular and mechanical requirements for stomatal pore formation, and the dynamic molecular architecture of guard cell walls that underlie their unique mechanical properties, using a complementary set of approaches including molecular genetics, high-resolution microscopy, and computational image analysis. The data and insights gained from these analyses will be used to construct computational mechanical models of guard cell walls that can be iteratively refined with new experimental results, ultimately resulting in the ability to predict guard cell dynamics across a range of species, wall compositions, and signaling inputs.

该项目旨在确定护罩细胞的基于碳水化合物的细胞壁如何动态地改变形状，以控制气孔孔的大小，从而使植物控制二氧化碳（CO2）的摄取和水分流失。气孔是调节二氧化碳转化为植物生物量的光合转化的植物表面的小开口，它是可再生食品，材料和生物能源的可再生能源。对气孔保护细胞中细胞壁结构，力学和动态的更深入了解将有助于鉴定可以更有效地使用水的植物，这是全球农业生产中的主要限制因素。该项目将开发的计算图像分析和建模工具将为科学家提供解释和理解实验数据的新方法。由于气孔警卫单元是植物细胞工程的一个了不起的例子，并且可以被各个年龄段的科学家访问和观察，因此将开发和部署一个学习模块，允许4至8年级的人亲眼目睹气孔动态，并挑战它们以构建和优化功能，从而启发了Onder Pirecture Ipearscorcist and Pirecture Infure Scientist and Wormersorsersorsersorsersorsersornsersornsersornsersorssersorssersors and Pirection and Pirection and Pirection。该项目还将培训两名博士学位学生和一名跨学科研究技能的研究助理，这些研究技能跨越了生物学，计算机和信息科学和工程。为了控制蒸腾和光合作用，严格调节了气孔发育，形态和力学。但是，我们了解气孔如何发展和运作的知识中存在两个巨大的差距。首先，气孔孔通过姊妹护卫细胞的控制分离形成，但是如何完成这是未知的。其次，护罩细胞的壁必须高度柔韧，以实现重复的气孔开口和关闭，但足够强，可以承受驱动其变形的巨大爆炸压力。为满足这些竞争要求的分子构建方式如何在很大程度上不确定。该项目将使用一组互补的方法，包括分子遗传学，高分辨率显微镜检查和计算图像分析，分析了气孔形成的分子和机械需求，以及防护细胞壁的动态分子结构，这些方法的动态分子结构。这些分析从这些分析中获得的数据和见解将用于构建可通过新的实验结果进行迭代完善的后卫细胞壁的计算机械模型，最终导致能够预测一系列物种，墙壁组成和信号输入的守卫细胞动力学。