SBE: Small: Protecting Privacy in Cyberspace: From Neuroscience Investigations to Behavioral Interventions

网络空间的一个关键特征是收集大量数据，鉴于网络空间的超连通性和访问数据的便利性，人们的隐私变得脆弱。该项目旨在通过设计由隐私背后的神经过程告知的选择架构干预措施来增强网络空间的安全性和可信度，以帮助人们在网络空间中对自己的隐私做出更好的决定。选择架构在学术界和决策者中越来越受欢迎，作为设计备选方案的一种手段，以促进有利于个人和社会的决策。该项目旨在揭示隐私问题的神经相关性，以确定在网络空间中指导隐私行为的认知和情感过程。通过使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来表征隐私背后的神经过程，该项目旨在通过引入神经科学的新理论和方法来扩展隐私研究人员的工具箱。通过调查隐私问题的神经相关性，该项目旨在为未来的选择架构干预提供信息，以鼓励人们保护自己的隐私。将通过跨学科的会议广泛传播成果。将特别注重向学术界以外的非研究受众传播调查结果，特别是在为政策提供信息方面。最后，该项目旨在通过为各级学生（包括代表性不足的群体）提供指导环境，以促进坦普尔大学的研究和教学，从而研究网络空间中的隐私。隐私问题是互联网的意外后果，阻碍了安全和值得信赖的网络空间。在与披露私人信息相关的隐私风险和这种披露的好处之间存在权衡（称为“隐私演算”）。此外，“隐私悖论”指出，尽管人们自我报告隐私对他们至关重要，但他们经常在网上披露更多隐私信息，这与他们的隐私担忧不一致。然而，人们决定保护自己隐私的神经过程尚不清楚。该项目通过使用fMRI揭示隐私问题的神经相关性，并利用这些见解设计选择架构干预措施，以保护人们在网络空间中的隐私，从而在隐私研究方面开辟了新天地。具体来说，它研究了隐私问题背后的神经过程，以帮助人们更好地平衡他们的隐私风险与披露利益，在他们的隐私演算，以克服隐私悖论。该项目将通过功能磁共振成像识别隐私问题的神经相关性来描述指导人们决定公开其私人信息的心理过程。这项工作将为选择架构干预提供信息，以鼓励人们在网络空间中对自己的隐私做出决定，以更好地满足他们的隐私问题。

A key characteristic of cyberspace is the collection of large amounts of data, and people's privacy becomes vulnerable given the hyper-connectivity of cyberspace and the ease of accessing data. This project aims to enhance the safety and trustworthiness of cyberspace by designing choice architecture interventions informed by the neural processes underlying privacy to help people make better decisions about their privacy in cyberspace. Choice architecture is gaining popularity among academics and policy makers as a means to design the presentation of options to promote decisions that benefit both individuals and society. This project aims to uncover the neural correlates of privacy concerns to identify the cognitive and emotional processes that guide privacy behaviors in cyberspace. By using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to characterize the neural processes underlying privacy, this project aims to expand the toolbox of privacy researchers by introducing new theories and methods from neuroscience. By investigating the neural correlates of privacy concerns, this project seeks to inform future choice architecture interventions to encourage people to protect their privacy. Results will be disseminated broadly through conferences across several disciplines. Special focus will be given on disseminating findings beyond academics to non-research audiences, especially with respect to informing policy. Finally, this project aims to advance research and teaching at Temple University by providing a mentoring environment for students at all levels, including under-represented groups, to study privacy in cyberspace. Privacy concerns are unintended consequences of the Internet that prevent a safe and trustworthy cyberspace. There is a tradeoff between privacy risks associated with disclosing private information and the benefits from such disclosure (termed "privacy calculus"). Moreover, the "privacy paradox" states that although people self-report that privacy is critical to them, they often disclose more private information online, inconsistent with their privacy concerns. However, the neural processes that underlie people's decisions to protect their privacy are unclear. This project breaks new ground in privacy research by uncovering the neural correlates of privacy concerns with fMRI and using these insights to design choice architecture interventions to protect people's privacy in cyberspace. Specifically, it examines the neural processes underlying privacy concerns to help people better balance their privacy risks versus disclosure benefits in their privacy calculus to overcome the privacy paradox. This project will characterize the psychological processes that guide people's decisions to disclose their private information by identifying the neural correlates of privacy concerns with fMRI. This work will inform choice architecture interventions to encourage people to make decisions about their privacy in cyberspace to better match their privacy concerns.