SBE: Small: Protecting Privacy in Cyberspace: From Neuroscience Investigations to Behavioral Interventions

网络空间的一个关键特征是收集大量数据，网络空间的超连通性和数据访问的便利性使人们的隐私变得脆弱。该项目旨在通过设计基于隐私的神经过程的选择架构干预来提高网络空间的安全性和可信度，以帮助人们在网络空间中对自己的隐私做出更好的决策。选择架构在学术界和政策制定者中越来越受欢迎，因为它是一种设计选项呈现的手段，可以促进对个人和社会都有利的决策。本项目旨在揭示隐私问题的神经关联，以确定指导网络空间隐私行为的认知和情感过程。通过使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来表征隐私背后的神经过程，本项目旨在通过引入神经科学的新理论和方法来扩展隐私研究人员的工具箱。通过研究隐私问题的神经关联，该项目旨在为未来的选择建筑干预提供信息，以鼓励人们保护自己的隐私。结果将通过跨几个学科的会议广泛传播。将特别注重向非研究对象传播学术以外的研究结果，特别是在为政策提供信息方面。最后，该项目旨在通过为各个层次的学生（包括代表性不足的群体）提供一个指导环境来研究网络空间中的隐私，从而促进天普大学的研究和教学。隐私问题是互联网带来的意想不到的后果，它阻碍了网络空间的安全和值得信赖。在与披露私人信息相关的隐私风险与此类披露的利益（称为“隐私演算”）之间存在权衡。此外，“隐私悖论”指出，尽管人们自我报告隐私对他们至关重要，但他们往往在网上披露更多的私人信息，这与他们对隐私的关注不一致。然而，人们决定保护自己隐私背后的神经过程尚不清楚。该项目通过fMRI揭示隐私问题的神经关联，并利用这些见解来设计选择架构干预措施，以保护人们在网络空间中的隐私，从而在隐私研究方面开辟了新天地。具体来说，它考察了隐私问题背后的神经过程，以帮助人们在隐私计算中更好地平衡隐私风险与披露利益，从而克服隐私悖论。这个项目将通过fMRI识别隐私问题的神经关联，来描述引导人们决定披露私人信息的心理过程。这项工作将为选择架构干预提供信息，以鼓励人们在网络空间中对自己的隐私做出决定，以更好地满足他们对隐私的担忧。

A key characteristic of cyberspace is the collection of large amounts of data, and people's privacy becomes vulnerable given the hyper-connectivity of cyberspace and the ease of accessing data. This project aims to enhance the safety and trustworthiness of cyberspace by designing choice architecture interventions informed by the neural processes underlying privacy to help people make better decisions about their privacy in cyberspace. Choice architecture is gaining popularity among academics and policy makers as a means to design the presentation of options to promote decisions that benefit both individuals and society. This project aims to uncover the neural correlates of privacy concerns to identify the cognitive and emotional processes that guide privacy behaviors in cyberspace. By using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to characterize the neural processes underlying privacy, this project aims to expand the toolbox of privacy researchers by introducing new theories and methods from neuroscience. By investigating the neural correlates of privacy concerns, this project seeks to inform future choice architecture interventions to encourage people to protect their privacy. Results will be disseminated broadly through conferences across several disciplines. Special focus will be given on disseminating findings beyond academics to non-research audiences, especially with respect to informing policy. Finally, this project aims to advance research and teaching at Temple University by providing a mentoring environment for students at all levels, including under-represented groups, to study privacy in cyberspace. Privacy concerns are unintended consequences of the Internet that prevent a safe and trustworthy cyberspace. There is a tradeoff between privacy risks associated with disclosing private information and the benefits from such disclosure (termed "privacy calculus"). Moreover, the "privacy paradox" states that although people self-report that privacy is critical to them, they often disclose more private information online, inconsistent with their privacy concerns. However, the neural processes that underlie people's decisions to protect their privacy are unclear. This project breaks new ground in privacy research by uncovering the neural correlates of privacy concerns with fMRI and using these insights to design choice architecture interventions to protect people's privacy in cyberspace. Specifically, it examines the neural processes underlying privacy concerns to help people better balance their privacy risks versus disclosure benefits in their privacy calculus to overcome the privacy paradox. This project will characterize the psychological processes that guide people's decisions to disclose their private information by identifying the neural correlates of privacy concerns with fMRI. This work will inform choice architecture interventions to encourage people to make decisions about their privacy in cyberspace to better match their privacy concerns.