NeTS: Small: Sustainable Wireless Communications with Optimal Utilization of Renewable Energy and Storage

无线设备和数据的大幅增加预计将导致未来无线网络的能源消耗和碳排放大幅增加。越来越多的以柴油为动力的离网基站将加剧这一问题。该项目通过显著减少运行无线基站的电力和柴油的使用，从而减少碳排放，解决了未来无线网络的可持续性问题。虽然已经提出了各种技术来降低无线网络的功耗，但该项目将解决高效和经济高效地使用太阳能和风能等间歇性可再生能源的挑战性问题，以最大限度地减少电网/柴油功耗，同时确保不会对用户体验产生不利影响。此外，该项目将展示太阳能供电小型电池的可行性，显著增强农村或偏远地区的无线连接，并在城市地区实现计划外的快速部署。由此产生的软件和试验床将促进未来在无线网络可再生能源方面的研究，以及关于可持续通信的新课程。PI将与加州大学圣地亚哥分校无线通信行业成员密切合作，验证开发的技术，并促进其产品的采用，从而采用太阳能和风能为未来几代无线网络提供动力。该项目将引入使用用户设备中的数据存储的概念，将多余的可再生电力转移到多余的存储数据中，以便在可再生电力短缺期间使用，以减少电力/柴油，而不需要存储能量。它将通过一种新的动态基站资源分配技术来实现，该技术可以间接影响数据速率。这又会影响存储在用户设备中的数据，还会影响基站的功率消耗，具体取决于盈余和赤字周期，而不会影响用户体验。将开发第二种技术，在基站使用额外的低容量储能，以进一步提高对时间变化的可再生能源的利用。该技术将同时决定使用该项目还将开发新的动态用户关联和传输功率适配技术，利用相邻基站之间可再生电力的空间差异，以最大限度地减少异质网络的总电网电力/柴油消耗，包括展示仅使用太阳能供电的小型电池的可行性。将开发一个模拟框架和试验台来演示这些方法的有效性。

The massive increases in wireless devices and data are expected to lead to significant increases in energy consumption and carbon emissions of future wireless networks. The problem will be exacerbated by a growing number of off-grid base stations powered by diesel. This project addresses the sustainability of future wireless networks by significantly reducing the use of electricity and diesel in running wireless base stations, and thereby carbon emissions. While various techniques have been proposed to reduce power consumption of wireless networks, this project will address the challenging problem of efficient and cost-effective use of intermittent renewable power sources like solar and wind power to minimize grid/diesel power consumption while ensuring no adverse impact on user experience. Additionally, the project will demonstrate the feasibility of solar-powered small cells, significantly enhancing wireless connectivity in rural or remote areas, and enable unplanned and rapid deployments in urban areas. The resulting software and testbed will facilitate future research in renewable energy for wireless networks, and a new course on sustainable communications. The PI will work closely with University of California-San Diego Center for Wireless Communications industry members to validate the techniques developed, and facilitate adoption in their products which will lead to adoption of solar and wind energy sources to power future generations of wireless networks.The project will introduce the concept of using data storage in user devices to transfer surplus renewable power to surplus data stored, to be utilized during periods of deficit renewable power to reduce electricity/diesel, with no need for energy storage. It will be enabled by a novel dynamic base station resource allocation technique which can indirectly impact data rate. This, in turn, will affect the data stored at user devices and also the base station power consumed, depending on surplus and deficit periods, without affecting user experience. A second technique will be developed for use of an additional low capacity energy storage at the base station to further enhance utilization of the temporally varying renewable power. The technique will simultaneously decide to use project will also develop new dynamic user association and transmit power adaptation techniques making use of spatial variations in renewable power between neighboring base stations to minimize total grid electricity/diesel consumed for heterogeneous networks, including showing feasibility of solar-only powered small cells. A simulation framework and testbed will be developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches.