IBSS-L: General Intelligence, Social Intelligence, and Robust Cooperation In Social-Ecological Systems

这个跨学科的研究项目将分析认知能力的多样性如何影响群体解决在不断变化的环境中产生的利益冲突的能力，这种冲突是在对个人最好和对整个群体最好之间产生的。该项目将提供新的见解，帮助解决一系列广泛的问题，例如管理稀缺水资源的获取，这些问题需要平衡个人和群体的利益，以实现合作而不是社会解体。项目调查结果将有助于理解为什么有些群体在协调行动管理资源方面比其他群体更有效，办法是在不断变化的环境中解决个人和群体利益之间的紧张关系。该项目的智力贡献将包括更好地理解认知-社会-环境的相互作用，这种相互作用促进了动态环境中资源的持续集体治理，以及更好地理解人类作为一个物种的亲社会行为和智力的进化。该项目将扩大对一般智力和社会智力多样性最佳水平的认识，以解决复杂问题，并将深入了解社会群体维持生态系统提供的商品和服务的能力。项目结果将对团队必须在变化的环境中合作解决复杂问题的情况具有强烈和直接的影响。这样的团队可以在排或会议室等多种环境中运作。该项目将为研究生和本科生提供教育和培训机会。该项目将为所谓的功能智力命题提供新的见解，该命题认为，两种认知能力——一般智力和社会智力——对于群体解决个人与群体利益之间的紧张关系并实现互利的结果至关重要。一般智力对于理解社会或生态系统如何运作以及如何在变化条件下找到管理资源的最佳策略至关重要。尽管在社会群体中不可避免地会出现人际分歧，但社会智力对于维持社会凝聚力至关重要。在动态环境中，智力能力的功能多样性比大量具有高一般智力或单独具有社会智力的个体更能产生强有力的集体行动。功能性智力命题综合了人类学、心理学和资源经济学中发展起来的理论，这一综合有助于增强人类行为的一般理论，解释了为什么有些人以自我为中心，而另一些人更愿意合作。为了评估功能智力命题，研究者将寻求三个问题的答案：(1)在社会变化的情况下，社会智力水平较高的群体是否比社会智力水平较低的群体更能保持合作管理资源？(2)与一般智力较低的群体相比，一般智力较高的群体在资源系统发生变化的情况下，是否更能保持合作管理资源？(3)一个明确描述社会智力和一般智力影响的模型是否比假设演员最好地被理想行为类型描述的模型更能预测群体的表现？为了回答这些问题，研究人员将使用控制行为实验和计算模型。实验和建模将用于评估一般智力和社会智力对群体可持续获取公共资源能力的影响。本项目由美国国家科学基金会跨学科行为与社会科学研究（IBSS）竞赛资助。

This interdisciplinary research project will analyze how a diversity of cognitive abilities affects the ability of groups to resolve conflicts of interest that arise in changing environments between what is best for an individual and what is best for a group as a whole. The project will provide new insights that help address a broad range of problems, such as managing access to scarce water, which require balancing individual and group interests in a manner that results in cooperation rather than social dissolution. Project findings will contribute to understanding why some groups are more effective than others at acting in concert to manage resources by resolving the tension between individual and group interests in changing environments. The intellectual contributions of the project will include a better understanding of the cognitive-social-environmental interactions that promote the sustained collective governance of resources in dynamic environments and a better understanding of the evolution of prosocial behavior and intelligence in humans as a species. The project will expand knowledge about the optimal level of diversity in terms of general and social intelligence to solve complex problems, and it will provide insights into the ability of social groups to sustain the goods and services provided by ecosystems. Project results will have strong and direct implications for situations in which teams must cooperate to solve complex problems in changing environments. Such teams can function in settings as diverse as platoons or boardrooms. The project will provide education and training opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students.The project will provide new insights regarding the so-called Functional Intelligence Proposition, which holds that two cognitive abilities -- general intelligence and social intelligence -- are critical for groups to resolve the tension between individual vs. group interests and achieve a mutually beneficial outcome. General intelligence is critical for understanding how a social or ecological system works and how to find the best strategy to manage resources under conditions of change. Social intelligence is critical for maintaining social cohesion in spite of the interpersonal disagreements that inevitably arise in social groups. A functional diversity of intelligence capacities is expected to result in more robust collective action in dynamic environments than either an abundance of individuals with high general intelligence or social intelligence alone. The Functional Intelligence Proposition synthesizes theory developed in anthropology, psychology, and resource economics, with the synthesis contributing to enhancement of a general theory of human behavior that explains why some individuals are self-regarding and others more cooperative. To evaluate the Functional Intelligence Proposition, the investigators will seek answers to three questions: (1) Are groups with higher levels of social intelligence better able to maintain cooperation to manage resources in spite of a social change than groups with lower social intelligence? (2) Are groups with higher general intelligence better able to maintain cooperation to manage resources in spite of changes to a resource system than groups with lower general intelligence? (3) Does a model that explicitly describes the effects of social and general intelligence better predict the performance of groups than models that assume actors are best described by ideal behavioral types? To answer these questions, the investigators will use controlled behavioral experiments and computational modeling. The experiments and modeling will be used to evaluate the effects of general and social intelligence on the ability of groups to sustainably harvest common pool resources. This project is supported through the NSF Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (IBSS) competition.