IBSS-L: General Intelligence, Social Intelligence, and Robust Cooperation In Social-Ecological Systems

这个跨学科的研究项目将分析认知能力的多样性如何影响群体解决环境变化中出现的利益冲突的能力，这些冲突发生在对个人最好的环境和对群体整体最好的环境之间。该项目将提供新的见解，帮助解决一系列广泛的问题，例如管理稀缺水资源的获取，这需要以一种导致合作而不是社会解体的方式平衡个人和群体的利益。项目调查结果将有助于理解为什么有些团体在通过解决不断变化的环境中个人和团体利益之间的紧张关系而采取一致行动管理资源方面比其他团体更有效。该项目的智力贡献将包括更好地理解认知-社会-环境相互作用，促进在动态环境中对资源的持续集体治理，以及更好地理解人类作为一个物种的亲社会行为和智力的进化。该项目将扩大关于解决复杂问题的一般和社会智能方面的最佳多样性水平的知识，并将深入了解社会群体维持生态系统提供的商品和服务的能力。项目结果将对团队必须在不断变化的环境中合作解决复杂问题的情况产生强烈和直接的影响。这样的团队可以在不同的环境中发挥作用，比如排或董事会。该项目将为研究生和本科生提供教育和培训机会。该项目将为所谓的功能智能命题提供新的见解，该命题认为，两种认知能力--一般智力和社交智力--对于群体解决个人与群体利益之间的紧张关系并实现互利共赢至关重要。一般智力对于理解一个社会或生态系统是如何运作的，以及如何在变化的条件下找到管理资源的最佳策略至关重要。尽管在社会群体中不可避免地会出现人际分歧，但社会智力对于维持社会凝聚力是至关重要的。在动态的环境中，情报能力的功能多样性预计会产生比大量具有高一般智力的个人或仅具有社会智力的个人更有力的集体行动。功能智力命题综合了人类学、心理学和资源经济学的理论，有助于加强人类行为的一般理论，解释为什么一些人是自私的，而另一些人更合作。为了评估功能智力命题，研究人员将寻求三个问题的答案：(1)在社会变革的情况下，社会智力水平较高的群体是否比社会智力水平较低的群体更有能力保持合作来管理资源？(2)在资源系统发生变化的情况下，一般智力水平较高的群体是否比一般智力水平较低的群体更有能力保持合作以管理资源？(3)与假设参与者最能被理想行为类型描述的模型相比，明确描述社会和一般智力水平的模型是否更好地预测了群体的表现？为了回答这些问题，研究人员将使用受控行为实验和计算建模。实验和模型将被用来评估一般智力和社会智力对群体可持续地收获公共池塘资源的能力的影响。该项目通过NSF跨学科行为和社会科学研究(IBSS)竞赛得到支持。

This interdisciplinary research project will analyze how a diversity of cognitive abilities affects the ability of groups to resolve conflicts of interest that arise in changing environments between what is best for an individual and what is best for a group as a whole. The project will provide new insights that help address a broad range of problems, such as managing access to scarce water, which require balancing individual and group interests in a manner that results in cooperation rather than social dissolution. Project findings will contribute to understanding why some groups are more effective than others at acting in concert to manage resources by resolving the tension between individual and group interests in changing environments. The intellectual contributions of the project will include a better understanding of the cognitive-social-environmental interactions that promote the sustained collective governance of resources in dynamic environments and a better understanding of the evolution of prosocial behavior and intelligence in humans as a species. The project will expand knowledge about the optimal level of diversity in terms of general and social intelligence to solve complex problems, and it will provide insights into the ability of social groups to sustain the goods and services provided by ecosystems. Project results will have strong and direct implications for situations in which teams must cooperate to solve complex problems in changing environments. Such teams can function in settings as diverse as platoons or boardrooms. The project will provide education and training opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students.The project will provide new insights regarding the so-called Functional Intelligence Proposition, which holds that two cognitive abilities -- general intelligence and social intelligence -- are critical for groups to resolve the tension between individual vs. group interests and achieve a mutually beneficial outcome. General intelligence is critical for understanding how a social or ecological system works and how to find the best strategy to manage resources under conditions of change. Social intelligence is critical for maintaining social cohesion in spite of the interpersonal disagreements that inevitably arise in social groups. A functional diversity of intelligence capacities is expected to result in more robust collective action in dynamic environments than either an abundance of individuals with high general intelligence or social intelligence alone. The Functional Intelligence Proposition synthesizes theory developed in anthropology, psychology, and resource economics, with the synthesis contributing to enhancement of a general theory of human behavior that explains why some individuals are self-regarding and others more cooperative. To evaluate the Functional Intelligence Proposition, the investigators will seek answers to three questions: (1) Are groups with higher levels of social intelligence better able to maintain cooperation to manage resources in spite of a social change than groups with lower social intelligence? (2) Are groups with higher general intelligence better able to maintain cooperation to manage resources in spite of changes to a resource system than groups with lower general intelligence? (3) Does a model that explicitly describes the effects of social and general intelligence better predict the performance of groups than models that assume actors are best described by ideal behavioral types? To answer these questions, the investigators will use controlled behavioral experiments and computational modeling. The experiments and modeling will be used to evaluate the effects of general and social intelligence on the ability of groups to sustainably harvest common pool resources. This project is supported through the NSF Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (IBSS) competition.