Accelerator Science for Storage Ring Measurements of Electric Dipole Moments of Subatomic Particles

20世纪最重要的智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子划分为具有相似量子特性的等级。到目前为止，这个模型的有效性最近被欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机发现的希格斯玻色子所证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题。这些问题包括为什么物质在宇宙中主导反物质，基本成分、夸克和轻子的质量值，夸克之间和轻子之间混合的大小，以及暗物质的性质。大多数解释都需要新的力的存在，我们称之为超越标准模型物理学（BSM）。寻找BSM物理的一种很有前途的技术是使用电子和介子等标准粒子进行精确测量。一种特别的技术是对电子或介子的电偶极矩（EDM）进行非常精确的测量。要进行下一代电火花加工测量，需要先进的加速器技术，而该奖项将重点关注这些技术的进步。智力优势：考虑使用全电存储环进行直接EDM搜索，测量存储的电子、质子或放射性核。从历史上看，只有极少数的全电环被建造出来，而且没有一个达到这些专用电火花加工测量所设想的规模。因此，这里的研究将为使用更大规模的高梯度电场设备进行这些重要测量的可行性提供重要的见解。电火花加工实验程序的成功与创建合适的坚固存储环的能力密切相关，该存储环可以执行所需的功能，以所需的精度成功地测量强光束的自旋进动。通过该合同，将进行研究，以追求适合电火花加工测量使用的存储环布置和参数集。为了验证结果，在适用的情况下，将对为μ子系统的当前EDM测量创建的光束条件进行比较。该奖项将为加速器科学专业的学生提供与该领域的专家成员接触的机会，以获得用于未来电火花加工实验的相关存储环系统的设计和规范过程的第一手经验，从而在离开大学项目后产生更有经验的工作人员。更广泛的影响加速器科学将引领未来几乎所有科学分支和广泛应用的加速器，以满足国家需求，国家实验室和研究型大学之间的合作是吸引、培训和教育新一代加速器科学家和工程师的自然方法。科学家进入加速器科学应用领域的学习曲线往往很长，因此，作为研究生获得实用技能和知识将为未来急需的劳动力提供非常理想的早期经验。随着员工队伍扩展到其他技术学科，通过该奖项提供的培训和经验最终将扩展到许多研究领域。

OverviewOne of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists, leaves open many questions about the universe. These include why matter dominates over anti-matter in the universe, the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. Most explanations require the presence of new forces, which we call Beyond the Standard Model Physics (BSM). One of the promising techniques to look for BSM physics is to make precision measurements using standard particles like electrons and muons. One technique, in particular, is to make very precise measurements of the Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of electrons or muons. To do the next generation of EDM measurements will require advances in accelerator techniques and this award will focus on those advancements.Intellectual MeritDirect EDM searches using all-electric storage rings, with measurements of stored electrons, protons, or radioactive nuclei are being considered. Historically only a very small number of all-electric rings have been constructed and none at the scale envisioned for these dedicated EDM measurements. Thus, the research enabled here will provide essential insights into the feasibility of using larger-scale high-gradient electric field devices for these important measurements. The success of the EDM experimental procedure is strongly connected to the ability to create a suitably robust storage ring that can perform the desired functions necessary for successful spin precession measurements of intense beams at the accuracies required. Through this award, studies will be performed in pursuit of storage ring arrangements and parameter sets suitable for use in EDM measurements. For verification of results, comparisons will be made, where applicable, to beam conditions being created for a present-day EDM measurement of the muon system. This award will provide students of accelerator science the opportunity to engage with expert members of the field to acquire first-hand experience in the design and specification process for relevant storage ring systems for future EDM experiments, yielding a more experienced workforce upon exit from the university program.Broader ImpactsAccelerator science will lead the way to future accelerators for virtually every branch of science and for a broad spectrum of applications to meet national needs, and collaboration between national laboratories and research universities is a natural approach to attract, train and educate a new generation of accelerator scientists and engineers. The learning curve for scientists to cross into the applied field of accelerator science is often long, and hence acquiring practical skill and knowledge as graduate students will provide a highly desired early-experience for future members of the much-needed workforce. The training and experiences enabled through this award will ultimately reach into many areas of research as the workforce expands into other technical disciplines.