Accelerator Science for Storage Ring Measurements of Electric Dipole Moments of Subatomic Particles

20世纪的主要智力成就之一是粒子物理标准模型(SM)的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子归入具有相似量子性质的群组的层次结构中。最近在欧洲核子研究中心的大型强子对撞机上发现的希格斯玻色子证实了这个模型到目前为止的有效性。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题。这些包括为什么宇宙中物质凌驾于反物质之上，基本成分夸克和轻子的质量值，夸克和轻子之间以及轻子之间混合的大小，以及暗物质的性质。大多数解释都需要存在新的力，我们称之为超越标准模型物理学(BSM)。寻找BSM物理的最有前途的技术之一是使用电子和µ子等标准粒子进行精确测量。一种特别的技术是对电子或µ子的电偶极矩(EDM)进行非常精确的测量。要进行下一代EDM测量，将需要加速器技术的进步，该奖项将集中于这些进步。正在考虑使用全电存储环进行智能MeritDirect EDM搜索，并测量存储的电子、质子或放射性原子核。从历史上看，只有很少的全电动环被建造出来，而且没有一个达到这些专用电火花测量所设想的规模。因此，这里的研究将为使用更大规模的高梯度电场设备进行这些重要测量的可行性提供必要的见解。EDM实验程序的成功与创建适当坚固的存储环的能力密切相关，该存储环可以执行以所需精度成功测量强流自旋进动所需的所需功能。通过这一奖项，将进行研究，以追求适合于电火花加工测量的存储环布置和参数集。为了验证结果，将在适当的情况下与为今天的MUON系统的EDM测量而创造的束流条件进行比较。该奖项将为加速器科学的学生提供与该领域的专家成员接触的机会，以获得用于未来电火花加工实验的相关存储环系统的设计和规范过程的第一手经验，并在大学毕业后培养出更有经验的劳动力。广泛影响加速器科学将引领未来加速器科学的几乎每一个分支和广泛的应用，以满足国家的需求，国家实验室和研究型大学之间的合作是吸引、培训和教育新一代加速器科学家和工程师的自然途径。科学家进入加速器科学应用领域的学习曲线往往很长，因此，作为研究生获得实践技能和知识将为急需的劳动力的未来成员提供非常理想的早期经验。通过该奖项获得的培训和经验最终将延伸到许多研究领域，因为劳动力将扩展到其他技术学科。

OverviewOne of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists, leaves open many questions about the universe. These include why matter dominates over anti-matter in the universe, the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. Most explanations require the presence of new forces, which we call Beyond the Standard Model Physics (BSM). One of the promising techniques to look for BSM physics is to make precision measurements using standard particles like electrons and muons. One technique, in particular, is to make very precise measurements of the Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of electrons or muons. To do the next generation of EDM measurements will require advances in accelerator techniques and this award will focus on those advancements.Intellectual MeritDirect EDM searches using all-electric storage rings, with measurements of stored electrons, protons, or radioactive nuclei are being considered. Historically only a very small number of all-electric rings have been constructed and none at the scale envisioned for these dedicated EDM measurements. Thus, the research enabled here will provide essential insights into the feasibility of using larger-scale high-gradient electric field devices for these important measurements. The success of the EDM experimental procedure is strongly connected to the ability to create a suitably robust storage ring that can perform the desired functions necessary for successful spin precession measurements of intense beams at the accuracies required. Through this award, studies will be performed in pursuit of storage ring arrangements and parameter sets suitable for use in EDM measurements. For verification of results, comparisons will be made, where applicable, to beam conditions being created for a present-day EDM measurement of the muon system. This award will provide students of accelerator science the opportunity to engage with expert members of the field to acquire first-hand experience in the design and specification process for relevant storage ring systems for future EDM experiments, yielding a more experienced workforce upon exit from the university program.Broader ImpactsAccelerator science will lead the way to future accelerators for virtually every branch of science and for a broad spectrum of applications to meet national needs, and collaboration between national laboratories and research universities is a natural approach to attract, train and educate a new generation of accelerator scientists and engineers. The learning curve for scientists to cross into the applied field of accelerator science is often long, and hence acquiring practical skill and knowledge as graduate students will provide a highly desired early-experience for future members of the much-needed workforce. The training and experiences enabled through this award will ultimately reach into many areas of research as the workforce expands into other technical disciplines.