MRI: Acquisition of an X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer for Chemical Mapping of Evolving Surfaces: A Regional Instrument for Research and Teaching

从重大研究仪器(MRI)计划和材料研究部(DMR)获得这一奖项后，弗吉尼亚大学(UVA)将获得一台带有集成样品制备室的X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)。该仪器将用于探测和了解化学反应过程中材料表面的变化。XPS定量确定材料中元素的元素/化学组成、经验式和电子状态。来自这项分析技术的数据将用于探索与催化、风化和先进材料系统相关的表面反应过程中的化学演变。这些知识将影响我们对在极端腐蚀性或高温反应环境中使用的催化、天体化学、地球化学和材料稳定性的理解。这些科学努力将影响各种主题，如燃料和化学品的合成、我们对太阳系的理解、水力压裂技术的管理，以及用于腐蚀和抗氧化的改进材料的开发。该奖项还将加强对学生的教育和培训。一个多层次的教育计划将介绍XPS的基本原理及其在弗吉尼亚大学本科生和研究生课程中的应用。将开发关于XPS的网络系列讲座，可将其整合到其他学院和大学的课程中。外展活动将让初中生、高中生和社区大学生参与XPS实践活动。该仪器还将在整个夏洛茨维尔地区通过UVA“XPS-Hub”与周围的行业、学院和大学进行研究和教学合作。该仪器将加强跨学科的研究，特别是在以下领域：(A)了解氧化物形成过程中的原子尺度机制；(B)定制催化剂表面以促进合成化学品的级联反应；(C)了解碳氢键断裂用于高通量合金催化剂的设计；(D)调查代表小行星、陨石和月壤的矿物中的水相变化；(E)研究矿物基质上有机分子物种的化学形成对了解太阳系生命起源具有重要意义；(F)澄清碳化反应以减少与水力压裂有关的风险；(G)研究多种成分材料系统的优先氧化或挥发情况，以改进高温下的稳定性；(H)控制表面微观结构和化学成分的不均一性，以提高耐水性；(1)开发激光驱动表面改性方法，用于先进的高性能金属合金制造。

With this award from the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program and the Division of Materials Research (DMR), the University of Virginia (UVa) will acquire an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) with integrated sample preparation chambers. The instrument will be used to probe and understand changes in material surfaces during chemical reactions. XPS quantitatively determines the elemental/chemical composition, empirical formula, and electronic state of elements within materials. The data from this analytical technique will be used to explore evolving chemistry during surface reactions relevant for catalysis, weathering, and advanced material systems. This knowledge will impact our understanding of catalysis, astrochemistry, geochemistry, and materials stability for use in extremely corrosive or high temperature reactive environments. These scientific endeavors will impact such diverse topics as synthesis of fuels and chemicals, our understanding of the solar system, management of fracking, and development of improved materials for corrosion and oxidation resistance. The award will also enhance the education and training of students. A multi-level education plan will introduce the fundamentals of XPS and its applications in courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels at the University of Virginia. A web-based lecture series on XPS will be developed which can be integrated into courses at other colleges and universities. Outreach activities will involve middle school, high school, and community college students in hands-on XPS activities. The instrument will also be used throughout the Charlottesville region for research and teaching collaborations with surrounding industries, colleges and universities through the UVa "XPS-Hub".The instrument will enhance research across disciplines, especially in areas such as (a) understanding atomic scale mechanisms during oxide formation; (b) tailoring catalyst surfaces to promote cascade reactions for synthesis of chemicals; (c) understanding hydrocarbon bond-breaking for design of high throughput alloy catalysts; (d) investigating aqueous alterations in minerals representative of asteroids, meteorites, and lunar soils; (e) studying the chemical formation of organic molecular species on mineral substrates of importance for understanding the origin of life in the solar system; (f) clarification of carbonation reactions to diminish risks associated with hydraulic fracturing; (g) investigating preferential oxidation or volatilization of multi-component material systems for improved stability at high temperatures; (h) controlling surface microstructural and chemical heterogeneity to improve aqueous corrosion resistance; and (i) developing laser-driven surface modification methods for advanced manufacturing of high-performance metal alloys.