MRI: Acquisition of an X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer for Chemical Mapping of Evolving Surfaces: A Regional Instrument for Research and Teaching

凭借主要研究仪器（MRI）计划和材料研究部（DMR）的这一奖项，弗吉尼亚大学（UVa）将获得一台带有集成样品制备室的X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）。 该仪器将用于探测和了解化学反应过程中材料表面的变化。 XPS定量确定材料中元素的元素/化学组成、经验公式和电子状态。 来自这种分析技术的数据将用于探索与催化，风化和先进材料系统相关的表面反应过程中的化学变化。 这些知识将影响我们对催化，天体化学，地球化学和材料稳定性的理解，用于极端腐蚀性或高温反应环境。 这些科学努力将影响各种主题，如燃料和化学品的合成，我们对太阳系的理解，水力压裂的管理以及耐腐蚀和抗氧化材料的改进。 该奖项还将加强对学生的教育和培训。 一个多层次的教育计划将介绍XPS的基础知识及其在弗吉尼亚大学本科和研究生课程中的应用。 将开发一个关于电子学的网上系列讲座，可将其纳入其他学院和大学的课程。 外联活动将涉及初中、高中和社区大学的学生动手XPS活动。 该仪器还将在整个夏洛茨维尔地区用于通过UVa“XPS-Hub”与周边行业、学院和大学进行研究和教学合作，该仪器将加强跨学科研究，特别是在以下领域：（a）了解氧化物形成过程中的原子尺度机制;（B）定制催化剂表面，以促进化学品合成的级联反应;（b）促进化学品合成的催化剂表面。（c）了解碳氢化合物键的断裂，以设计高通量合金催化剂;（d）调查小行星、陨石和月球土壤等代表性矿物的含水变化;（e）研究矿物基质上有机分子种类的化学形成，这对了解太阳系生命的起源具有重要意义;（f）澄清碳酸化反应，以减少与水力压裂有关的风险;（g）研究多组分材料系统的优先氧化或挥发，以提高高温稳定性;（h）控制表面微观结构和化学不均匀性，以提高耐水性;以及（i）开发用于先进制造高性能金属合金的激光驱动表面改性方法。

With this award from the Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program and the Division of Materials Research (DMR), the University of Virginia (UVa) will acquire an X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) with integrated sample preparation chambers. The instrument will be used to probe and understand changes in material surfaces during chemical reactions. XPS quantitatively determines the elemental/chemical composition, empirical formula, and electronic state of elements within materials. The data from this analytical technique will be used to explore evolving chemistry during surface reactions relevant for catalysis, weathering, and advanced material systems. This knowledge will impact our understanding of catalysis, astrochemistry, geochemistry, and materials stability for use in extremely corrosive or high temperature reactive environments. These scientific endeavors will impact such diverse topics as synthesis of fuels and chemicals, our understanding of the solar system, management of fracking, and development of improved materials for corrosion and oxidation resistance. The award will also enhance the education and training of students. A multi-level education plan will introduce the fundamentals of XPS and its applications in courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels at the University of Virginia. A web-based lecture series on XPS will be developed which can be integrated into courses at other colleges and universities. Outreach activities will involve middle school, high school, and community college students in hands-on XPS activities. The instrument will also be used throughout the Charlottesville region for research and teaching collaborations with surrounding industries, colleges and universities through the UVa "XPS-Hub".The instrument will enhance research across disciplines, especially in areas such as (a) understanding atomic scale mechanisms during oxide formation; (b) tailoring catalyst surfaces to promote cascade reactions for synthesis of chemicals; (c) understanding hydrocarbon bond-breaking for design of high throughput alloy catalysts; (d) investigating aqueous alterations in minerals representative of asteroids, meteorites, and lunar soils; (e) studying the chemical formation of organic molecular species on mineral substrates of importance for understanding the origin of life in the solar system; (f) clarification of carbonation reactions to diminish risks associated with hydraulic fracturing; (g) investigating preferential oxidation or volatilization of multi-component material systems for improved stability at high temperatures; (h) controlling surface microstructural and chemical heterogeneity to improve aqueous corrosion resistance; and (i) developing laser-driven surface modification methods for advanced manufacturing of high-performance metal alloys.