DMREF: Collaborative Research: Tackling Disorder and Ensemble Broadening in Materials Made of Semiconductor Nanostructures

DMREF：合作研究：解决半导体纳米结构材料中的无序和系综展宽

• 批准号: 1629383
• 负责人: Richard Schaller
• 金额: $ 33.33万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1629383&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DMREF; Collaborative; Research; Tackling; Disorder

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: In modern science and technology, semiconducting materials play an enormous role in solid-state lighting, photovoltaics, light harvesting, and electronics. The work performed in this project will help unlock the full potential of nano-engineered semiconductors currently hidden by the effects of disorder. The proposed work will develop new experimental and theoretical techniques that eliminate negative effects due to non-uniform particle size and shape. The nanoscale semiconductors developed in this project will be used for color enhancement and energy efficiency improvement of television and electronic displays, light detectors, solar cells, and printable electronic circuits. The program will attract undergraduate and graduate students, and post-doctoral scholars who will be trained and prepared for academic and industrial careers. The PIs will also continue to integrate outreach into local programs, taking part in science club initiatives and demonstrations that focus on hands-on science experiences for public school students. The PIs will create and make publicly available a series of lecture notes for graduate students explaining computational stochastic methods to reduce the language barrier frequently experienced by quantum chemists working with this formalism. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: This research program will focus on the chemistry and physics of colloidal semiconducting nanoplatelets (NPLs), a novel class of quantum confined semiconductors combining beneficial aspects of the electronic structure of quantum wells and quantum dots. NPLs represent a promising platform to enter a new regime of modular materials, resonant couplings, and coherent transport phenomena. Experimental and theoretical efforts will build upon each other to achieve a fundamental understanding of optical and electronic phenomena, the role of electron-phonon coupling at the single NPL, formation of superradiant states, and charge and exciton transfer at the ensemble levels. New synthetic techniques will be developed to fabricate unprecedented NPL heterostructures. Accurate computational tools based on the notion of stochastic orbitals will be introduced to uncover the interplay between moderate and strong electron-hole correlation effects. Theoretical models will be benchmarked to the optical and electronic properties of NPLs measured by steady-state and transient techniques. Charge and exciton transport in assemblies of NPLs will be iteratively predicted and measured in order to gain a deep understanding of the emergent phenomena. The collaborative effort will provide means to develop new functional materials, uncover their properties, and reveal emergent behavior in the regime of strong electronic coupling. Beyond NPLs, the anticipated development of synthetic methods, optical techniques, and large-scale developed computational tools will impact broad areas of nanomaterials (graphene, nanoribbons) where strong correlation-induced confinement governs emergent electronic properties.

非技术描述：在现代科学技术中，半导体材料在固态照明、光伏、集光和电子领域发挥着巨大的作用。该项目所做的工作将有助于释放目前被无序效应所隐藏的纳米工程半导体的全部潜力。这项拟议的工作将开发新的实验和理论技术，消除由于颗粒大小和形状不均匀而产生的负面影响。该项目开发的纳米半导体将用于电视和电子显示器、光探测器、太阳能电池和可印刷电子电路的色彩增强和能效提高。该项目将吸引本科生和研究生，以及博士后学者，他们将接受培训，为学术和工业职业做好准备。PIS还将继续将外展纳入当地项目，参加科学俱乐部的倡议和示范活动，重点是为公立学校的学生提供实践科学体验。PI将为研究生创建并公开提供一系列讲稿，解释计算随机方法，以减少量子化学家在使用这种形式主义工作时经常遇到的语言障碍。技术描述：这项研究计划将重点放在胶体半导体纳米平板(NPLs)的化学和物理上，这是一种新型的量子受限半导体，结合了量子阱和量子点的电子结构的有益方面。NPL代表了一个很有前途的平台，可以进入一个由模块材料、共振耦合和相干输运现象组成的新领域。实验和理论工作将相互促进，以实现对光学和电子现象、单个NPL中电子-声子耦合的作用、超辐射态的形成以及系综水平上的电荷和激子转移的基本理解。将开发新的合成技术来制备前所未有的NPL异质结构。基于随机轨道概念的精确计算工具将被引入，以揭示中等和强烈的电子-空穴关联效应之间的相互作用。理论模型将以通过稳态和瞬变技术测量的NPL的光学和电学特性为基准。我们将迭代地预测和测量NPL组件中的电荷和激子输运，以加深对这一紧急现象的理解。这一合作努力将为开发新的功能材料、揭示其性质以及揭示在强电子耦合条件下的紧急行为提供手段。除了NPL之外，合成方法、光学技术和大规模开发的计算工具的预期发展将影响纳米材料(石墨烯、纳米带)的广泛领域，在这些领域，强关联诱导的限制管理着新兴的电子性质。