The Relationship between Natural Environments, Fatigue, and Attention

自然环境、疲劳和注意力之间的关系

• 批准号: 1632445
• 负责人: Marc Berman
• 金额: $ 40.22万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1632445&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Relationship; between; Natural; Environments; Fatigue

The United Nations estimates that by the year 2050 roughly 70% of the world's population will be living in highly urbanized areas. This increase in urban living comes with many benefits: sustainable spaces for living, increased flow of ideas and innovation, better proximity to services, and diverse communities. Unfortunately, urban life as it stands is also associated with increased stress, worse physical and mental health, and shorter life expectancy. All of these negative effects alter our physiology, brain, and behavior. By understanding the psychological, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between exposure to nature and cognitive performance, future studies will be able to more easily implement interventions aimed at improving built spaces in order to enhance the potential for human productivity and vitality. This research is guided by Attention Restoration Theory, which posits that incorporating natural elements into the built environment can counteract some of the negatives of urban life. Results from this proposal could be used to help design schools, offices, homes, cities and towns to optimize human functioning.Philosophers, writers, and lay people have had the intuition for centuries that interacting with nature has myriad benefits to human functioning. While this intuition is appealing, it needs rigorous testing. This project aims to identify the mechanisms through which interactions with natural environments might enhance both behavior and brain function, using cutting edge neuroscience, psychophysiological and machine-learning tools. The primary objectives of this research project are the following. First the research will examine the psychological, physiological, and neural processes that are altered during interactions with natural environments. It will address questions such as how hard must the brain work when processing more natural vs. more urban stimuli, and how does this processing affect people's ability to focus. Second, the research will determine some of the characteristics (e.g., low-level visual features such as color, edge content, fractalness, etc.) of natural and urban environments that lead to psychological improvements or decrements. This information will aid understanding of some of the visual features that may be producing these benefits, which could then be used to help design new built spaces or retrofit existing built spaces. Third, the research will test whether individuals who are in more mentally fatigued states will benefit more from natural vs. urban environment exposure. This aspect of the work will help to define the neural and psychophysiological basis of mental fatigue. In summary, this research project aims to understand how interactions with different environments affect human functioning, and what interventions can be made to improve human functioning at large scales.

联合国估计，到2050年，世界上大约70%的人口将生活在高度城市化的地区。城市生活的增加带来了许多好处：可持续的生活空间，增加了思想和创新的流动，更好地接近服务，以及多样化的社区。不幸的是，目前的城市生活也与压力增加、身心健康恶化和预期寿命缩短有关。所有这些负面影响都会改变我们的生理、大脑和行为。通过了解暴露于自然和认知表现之间关系的心理，神经和生理机制，未来的研究将能够更容易地实施旨在改善建筑空间的干预措施，以提高人类生产力和活力的潜力。这项研究以注意力恢复理论为指导，该理论认为将自然元素融入建筑环境可以抵消城市生活的一些负面影响。这一建议的结果可以用来帮助设计学校、办公室、住宅、城市和城镇，以优化人类的功能。几个世纪以来，哲学家、作家和外行人都有一种直觉，即与自然互动对人类的功能有无数好处。虽然这种直觉很吸引人，但它需要严格的测试。该项目旨在确定与自然环境的相互作用可能增强行为和大脑功能的机制，使用尖端的神经科学，心理生理学和机器学习工具。本研究项目的主要目标如下。首先，研究将检查在与自然环境的相互作用过程中改变的心理，生理和神经过程。它将解决一些问题，例如当处理更多的自然刺激与更多的城市刺激时，大脑必须努力工作，以及这种处理如何影响人们的专注能力。其次，研究将确定一些特征（例如，低级视觉特征，例如颜色、边缘内容、分形等）自然和城市环境导致心理改善或衰退。这些信息将有助于理解可能产生这些好处的一些视觉特征，然后可以用来帮助设计新的建筑空间或改造现有的建筑空间。第三，这项研究将测试处于精神疲劳状态的人是否会从自然环境和城市环境中受益更多。这方面的工作将有助于确定精神疲劳的神经和心理生理基础。总之，该研究项目旨在了解与不同环境的相互作用如何影响人类功能，以及可以采取哪些干预措施来大规模改善人类功能。

项目成果

Psychological responses to natural patterns in architecture

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.02.007
• 发表时间: 2019-04-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Coburn, Alexander;Kardan, Omid;Berman, Marc G.
• 通讯作者: Berman, Marc G.

To search or to like: Mapping fixations to differentiate two forms of incidental scene memory

• DOI: 10.1167/17.12.8
• 发表时间: 2017-10-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF VISION
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Choe, Kyoung Whan;Kardan, Omid;Berman, Marc G.
• 通讯作者: Berman, Marc G.

The order of disorder: Deconstructing visual disorder and its effect on rule-breaking.

无序的秩序：解构视觉障碍及其对违反规则的影响。

• DOI: 10.1037/xge0000240
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
• 作者: Kotabe, Hiroki P.;Kardan, Omid;Berman, Marc G.
• 通讯作者: Berman, Marc G.

Brain connectivity tracks effects of chemotherapy separately from behavioral measures

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101654
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Kardan, Omid;Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A.;Berman, Marc G.
• 通讯作者: Berman, Marc G.

A thought in the park: The influence of naturalness and low-level visual features on expressed thoughts

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2018.01.011
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Cognition
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Kathryn E. Schertz;Sonya S. Sachdeva;Omid Kardan;Hiroki Kotabe;Kathleen L Wolf;M. Berman