RAPID: The Mechanisms Driving Extreme Precipitation in Atmospheric Rivers with an Integrated Stable Isotope and Aerosol Chemistry Approach

RAPID：采用稳定同位素和气溶胶化学综合方法驱动大气河流极端降水的机制

• 批准号: 1632913
• 负责人: Hari Mix
• 金额: $ 11万
• 依托单位: Santa Clara University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-15 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1632913&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Mechanisms; Driving; Extreme; Precipitation

This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) award is for the collection of precipitation data in California during the 2015-16 strong El Nino event. Researchers will study atmospheric rivers, which are plumes of moisture from the tropics that enhance storms and bring substantial precipitation to the west coast of the United States. This project will complement an ongoing study of these events by adding additional measurement locations for stable isotopes of precipitation data. Isotopic analysis of rainfall can provide insight into the source and the phase change history of water, which gives scientists a better idea of how and why heavy rainfall events are initiated. A better understanding of the precipitation during atmospheric river events should help improve weather and climate models. The work will also help to train the next generation of scientists by including a diverse group of undergraduate students in the collection and analysis of data.The research team plans to quantitatively evaluate the origin and rainout of moisture with the stable isotopes of water and water vapor, and address three main scientific questions: 1) What are the relationships between aerosols and precipitation amount, efficiency and phase? 2) What are the stable isotope signatures of extreme precipitation events and which macro-and micro-scale dynamics are responsible for producing them? and 3) What are the moisture sources of extreme precipitation events and how do these sources change within storms? This RAPID project will complement an existing observational effort related to the CALWATER-2 field program by including additional measurement sites and an instrument to measure real-time stable isotopes of water vapor. After the campaign the PI team will analyze around 1500 water samples while collaborators will analyze ice and cloud condensation nuclei chemistry. Synoptic scale and backtrajectory analysis will also be performed with the WRF model.

这一快速反应研究(RAPID)奖是为了表彰2015-16年强厄尔尼诺事件期间加州降水数据的收集。研究人员将研究大气河流，这是来自热带的湿气羽流，增强了风暴，给美国西海岸带来了大量降水。该项目将补充正在进行的对这些事件的研究，增加降水数据稳定同位素的测量地点。对降雨的同位素分析可以提供对水的来源和相变史的洞察，这让科学家们更好地了解暴雨事件是如何以及为什么开始的。更好地了解大气河流事件期间的降水应有助于改进天气和气候模型。这项工作还将帮助培养下一代科学家，让不同的本科生参与数据的收集和分析。研究小组计划用水和水蒸气的稳定同位素定量评估水分的来源和降雨，并解决三个主要科学问题：1)气溶胶与降水量、降雨量、降雨量和降雨量之间的关系；2)极端降水事件的稳定同位素特征是什么？产生这些特征的宏观和微观动力学是什么？3)极端降水事件的水汽来源是什么？这些水汽来源在风暴中是如何变化的？这一快速项目将补充与CalWater-2实地计划相关的现有观测工作，包括更多的测量点和一台实时测量水蒸气稳定同位素的仪器。活动结束后，PI团队将分析大约1500个水样，而合作者将分析冰和云凝结核的化学成分。天气尺度和后向轨迹分析也将利用WRF模式进行。

项目成果

Evaluating the Roles of Rainout and Post-Condensation Processes in a Landfalling Atmospheric River with Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Water Vapor

• DOI: 10.3390/atmos10020086
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Atmosphere
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: H. Mix;S. Reilly;Andrew Martin;G. Cornwell

Contrasting Local and Long-Range Transported Warm Ice-Nucleating Particles During an Atmospheric River in Coastal California, USA

对比美国加利福尼亚州沿海地区大气河流中的局部和远距离输送的温暖冰核粒子

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2018-702
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
• 作者: Martin, Andrew C.;Cornwell, Gavin;Beall, Charlotte Marie;Cannon, Forest;Reilly, Sean;Schaap, Bas;Lucero, Dolan;Creamean, Jessie;Ralph, F. Martin;Mix, Hari T.
• 通讯作者: Mix, Hari T.