Study of Cutting Tools and Processes Used in the Natural World to Develop Highly Efficient Manufacturing Processes

研究自然界中使用的切削工具和工艺，以开发高效的制造工艺

• 批准号: 1635503
• 负责人: Henry Yang
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1635503&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Study; Cutting; Tools; Processes; Used

Organisms in Nature have crafted tools and processes to perform tasks such as foraging, eating, hunting, and burrowing with high efficiency. This award supports fundamental research that will examine mechanisms of cutting processes used by various organisms in the natural world, so as to identify new concepts that can potentially be translated into the industrial manufacturing domain. Research results can potentially lead to a class of highly efficient manufacturing processes for cutting and deformation processing of soft matter, and impact pharmaceutical manufacturing and orthopedic surgery. Given the critical importance of surgical cutting ranging from soft tissue excision to more serious orthopaedic procedures, the research could also contribute to improving quality of life by accelerating post-surgery healing.The research objectives are: (1) identification of some typical mechanisms employed by insects, rodents, and other small animals in cutting and indentation processes in the natural world, and compare and contrast these against conventional manufacturing processes with soft matter in terms of efficiency and material removal mechanics; (2) characterization of key mechanical properties of soft natural material systems, relevant to these select processes, which determine their cutting and indentation response; (3) obtain fundamental knowledge on manufacturing processes used in the natural world and explain their applicability to manufacturing. To achieve the first research objective, experimental studies will be conducted on cutting and indentation processes in nature. The tool systems will include animal teeth (canine and equine) and insect mandibles (leaf cutter ants and beetles) such as mouthparts used for biting, cutting, and crushing. Experiments will be performed in both a simulated natural environment in a glass container within the lab and through instrumented lab-scale model systems. Direct observations will be performed using high speed imaging and microscopy, coupled with quantitative analysis by image correlation techniques. To achieve the second objective, mechanical properties and surface characteristics of natural tools and work materials (e.g., leaves, wood, bone, and flesh) will be examined using Atomic Force Microscopy, nano-indentation, micromechanical testing, and electron microscopy. To achieve the third objective, numerical modeling will be used to analyze the mechanics of cutting and indentation processes in two select natural systems. This modeling will be validated by experiments and then used for benchmarking against industrial cutting processes such as comminution and punching. The modeling tools will be Finite Element Analysis and moving heat source theory.

自然界中的生物已经精心制作了工具和过程，以高效率执行觅食，进食，狩猎和挖掘等任务。该奖项支持基础研究，研究自然界中各种生物体使用的切割过程机制，以确定可能转化为工业制造领域的新概念。研究结果可能会导致一类高效的制造工艺，用于软物质的切割和变形加工，并影响制药和整形外科手术。鉴于从软组织切除到更严重的骨科手术的外科切割的至关重要性，该研究还可以通过加速术后愈合来改善生活质量。研究目标是：（1）自然界中昆虫、啮齿动物和其他小动物在切割和压痕过程中所采用的一些典型机制的识别，并在效率和材料去除力学方面将它们与使用软物质的传统制造工艺进行比较和对比;（2）与这些选择的工艺相关的软天然材料系统的关键机械性能的表征，其决定了它们的切割和压痕响应;（3）获得自然界中使用的制造工艺的基本知识，并解释其在制造业中的适用性。 为了实现第一个研究目标，将对自然界中的切削和压痕过程进行实验研究。 工具系统将包括动物牙齿（犬科动物和马科动物）和昆虫下颚（切叶蚁和甲虫），如用于咬、切和压碎的口器。实验将在实验室内的玻璃容器中的模拟自然环境中进行，并通过仪器化的实验室规模模型系统进行。将使用高速成像和显微镜进行直接观察，并通过图像相关技术进行定量分析。为了实现第二个目标，天然工具和工作材料（例如，将使用原子力显微镜、纳米压痕、微机械测试和电子显微镜检查（树叶、木材、骨头和肉）。 为了实现第三个目标，数值模拟将被用来分析在两个选定的自然系统的切削和压痕过程的力学。该模型将通过实验进行验证，然后用于对工业切割过程，如粉碎和冲压基准。建模工具将是有限元分析和移动热源理论。

项目成果

Analyzing the effect of hydration on the wedge indentation fracture behavior of cortical bone

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.001
• 发表时间: 2017-05-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Hoffseth, Kevin;Randall, Connor;Yang, Henry T. Y.
• 通讯作者: Yang, Henry T. Y.