LTER: Long Term Ecological Research at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest

LTER：哈伯德布鲁克实验森林的长期生态研究

• 批准号: 1637685
• 负责人: Peter Groffman
• 金额: $ 676.2万
• 依托单位: Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637685&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Long; Term; Ecological; Research

The Hubbard Brook (HBR) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) project is an interdisciplinary research program focused on improving the understanding and management of Northern Forest ecosystems. These important natural resources that contribute ecosystem services such as carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water and air purification, and wildlife habitat are impacted by natural and man-made disturbances. Those disturbances include climate variation, air pollution, invasive species and forest harvesting, and this research focuses on how forest ecosystems respond to those disturbances. Despite a long record of research on forest ecosystems, recent observations from HBR of how trees move water through the ecosystem, the role of calcium in forest health, the movement of nitrogen through the ecosystem, and the interactions of plants, insects, and birds within the forest indicate that much is still unknown. Most of the research will occur within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a site in the White Mountain region of New Hampshire that is operated by the U.S. Forest Service. The research team will measure the forms of nitrogen retained in soils, the growth and death of trees, the fates of germinating tree seedlings, the amounts and types of litter fall, rates of soil respiration, and how fine roots respond to nitrogen and phosphorus additions. They also will test how the exchanges of gases, heat, and water vapor between forests and the atmosphere respond to the timing of leaf out in the spring and leaf fall in the autumn. Information about forested ecosystems and the streams that drain them will be made available to land managers through a Forest Science Dialogues Program and a Science Policy Exchange and will inform policy and management decisions on a regional and national scale. The educational and outreach activities planned, including development of classroom curricula for middle- and high school students, a Research Experience for Undergraduates program that is organized in partnership with Plymouth State University, the training of teachers through the Research Experiences for Teachers program, and development of Waterviz, a water cycle visualization tool, will bring ecological knowledge to the public as well as students and teachers at levels from K-12 to graduate school.The conceptual model underpinning the HBR-LTER project envisions three principal types of disturbance acting as drivers of change in the ecosystem: atmospheric chemistry, climate, and biota. The effects of these drivers play out on geophysical and historical templates that include variation across the landscape in bedrock, soils, hydrology, climate and history of past disturbance. Within the ecosystem, the disturbances affect the interacting processes of hydrology, biogeochemistry, vegetation dynamics and food web dynamics. Research on the changing atmosphere is focused primarily on the legacies of past air pollution, particularly the depletion of nutrient cations such as calcium from the soil and the accumulation of nitrogen in soil and vegetation. Research on the impacts of climate is focused on causes of the observed long-term decline in evapotranspiration at the site and the effects of changing timing and duration of seasonal transitions on plants, soils, microbes, animals and stream ecosystems. Research on biotic change is focused on the changing composition and structure of the forests caused by multiple interacting stressors including climate, new plant species immigrations, invasive forest pests, and altered disturbance regimes. Research methods include: long-term field measurements with stable isotopes to provide a better resolution of the strengths of nitrogen sinks in soils and metagenomics shotgun sequencing of community DNA (Illumina HiSeq platform) to provide initial characterization of how microbial community composition and function vary with soil depth; field experiments to identify belowground responses that mediate nutrient recycling and plant uptake in response to nutrient additions and the ensuing impacts on soil enzyme activities, microbial nutrient pools and turnover, rhizosphere allocation, and mycorrhizal functional groups; simulation modeling with quantitative models such as stand-level ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling models, a carbon and nitrogen model parameterized for individual tree species, an ecosystem demography model, and a multiple element limitation model to synthesize data and experimental knowledge will be used to identify knowledge gaps, develop hypotheses, and make prediction of future forest behavior; and laboratory studies including 15N NMR to better determine the forms of nitrogen retained in soil organic matter. Education activities include hosting school groups at the site, hands-on training of teachers in scientific research, mentoring undergraduate student research projects, and facilitating research by graduate students. Outreach activities include synthesizing results of research done at HBR and elsewhere, and communicating the science to local stakeholders through roundtable discussions, to the public through targeted media, and to policy makers through briefings and publications addressing specific policy questions.

哈伯德布鲁克(HBR)长期生态研究(LTER)项目是一个跨学科的研究项目，专注于改善对北方森林生态系统的理解和管理。这些有助于生态系统服务的重要自然资源，如碳储存、养分循环、水和空气净化以及野生动物栖息地，都受到自然和人为干扰的影响。这些干扰包括气候变化、空气污染、入侵物种和森林采伐，本研究的重点是森林生态系统如何应对这些干扰。尽管对森林生态系统的研究有很长的记录，但HBR最近对树木如何在生态系统中运输水分、钙在森林健康中的作用、氮在生态系统中的移动以及森林中植物、昆虫和鸟类的相互作用的观察表明，仍有许多未知之处。大部分研究将在哈伯德·布鲁克实验森林内进行，这是一个由美国林业局运营的地点，位于新罕布夏州的怀特山地区。研究小组将测量土壤中残留的氮的形态、树木的生长和死亡、萌发树苗的命运、凋落物的数量和类型、土壤呼吸速率，以及细根对氮和磷添加的反应。他们还将测试森林和大气之间的气体、热量和水蒸气的交换如何对春季落叶和秋季落叶的时间做出反应。将通过森林科学对话方案和科学政策交流向土地管理人员提供有关森林生态系统和排干森林生态系统的溪流的信息，并将在区域和国家范围内为政策和管理决策提供信息。计划的教育和推广活动包括为初中生和高中生开发课堂课程，与普利茅斯州立大学合作组织的本科生研究体验计划，通过教师研究体验计划培训教师，以及开发水循环可视化工具Waterviz，将为公众以及从K-12到研究生院的学生和教师带来生态知识。HBR-LTER项目的概念模型设想了三种主要类型的干扰，作为生态系统变化的驱动因素：大气化学、气候和生物群。这些驱动因素的影响体现在地球物理和历史模板上，包括基岩、土壤、水文、气候和过去干扰历史的景观变化。在生态系统内，这些干扰影响着水文学、生物地球化学、植被动态和食物网动态的相互作用过程。对大气变化的研究主要集中在过去空气污染的遗留问题上，特别是土壤中钙等营养阳离子的耗尽以及土壤和植被中氮的积累。气候影响研究的重点是现场观测到的蒸散量长期下降的原因，以及季节过渡的时间和持续时间的变化对植物、土壤、微生物、动物和河流生态系统的影响。生物变化的研究主要集中在气候、植物新物种迁入、入侵森林害虫和干扰机制改变等多种相互作用的胁迫因素引起的森林组成和结构的变化。研究方法包括：使用稳定同位素进行长期田间测量，以更好地解析土壤中氮汇的强度，并对群落DNA(Illumina HiSeq平台)进行元基因组鸟枪法测序，以提供微生物群落组成和功能如何随土壤深度变化的初步表征；田间实验，以确定调节养分循环和植物吸收的地下反应，以响应养分添加以及随后对土壤酶活性、微生物营养库和周转、根际分配和菌根功能群的影响；将使用定量模型进行模拟建模，如林分级别的生态系统碳和养分循环模型、为单个树种参数化的碳和氮模型、生态系统人口学模型和多元素限制模型，以综合数据和实验知识，以确定知识差距、发展假设和预测未来的森林行为；以及包括15N核磁共振在内的实验室研究，以更好地确定土壤有机质中保留的氮的形态。教育活动包括在现场组织学校小组，对教师进行科学研究方面的实践培训，指导本科生的研究项目，以及促进研究生的研究。外联活动包括综合HBR和其他地方的研究成果，通过圆桌讨论向当地利益攸关方传播科学，通过有针对性的媒体向公众传播科学，通过针对具体政策问题的简报和出版物向政策制定者传播科学。

项目成果

Surprising relationships between soil pH and microbial biomass and activity in a northern hardwood forest

• DOI: 10.1007/s10533-023-01031-0
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Biogeochemistry
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Renata Ontman;P. Groffman;C. Driscoll;Zhongqi Cheng

Identifying Controls on Nitrate Sources and Flowpaths in a Forested Catchment Using a Hydropedological Framework

使用水文土壤学框架确定森林流域硝酸盐来源和流动路径的控制

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jg006140
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: Pardo, L. H.;Green, M. B.;Bailey, S. W.;McGuire, K. J.;McDowell, W. H.
• 通讯作者: McDowell, W. H.

Boundary spanners and thinking partners: adapting and expanding the research-practice partnership literature for public engagement with science (PES)

边界跨越者和思考伙伴：调整和扩展研究实践伙伴关系文献以促进公众参与科学（PES）

• DOI: 10.22323/2.20070801
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: JCOM journal of science communication
• 作者: Peterman, K.

A distance–performance trade‐off in the phenotypic basis of dispersal

分散表型基础上的距离-性能权衡

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5583
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Ecology and Evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Addis, Brett R.;Tobalske, Bret W.;Davenport, Jon M.;Lowe, Winsor H.
• 通讯作者: Lowe, Winsor H.

Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in Reference and Calcium Silicate‐Treated Watersheds at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA

美国新罕布什尔州哈伯德布鲁克实验森林参考和硅酸钙处理流域中的溶解有机物动态

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jg006352
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
• 作者: LoRusso, N. A.;Bailey, S. W.;Zeng, T.;Montesdeoca, M.;Driscoll, C. T.
• 通讯作者: Driscoll, C. T.