LTER: Long - Term Research at the Jornada Basin (LTER VII)

LTER：乔纳达盆地的长期研究 (LTER VII)

• 批准号: 1832194
• 负责人: Debra Peters
• 金额: $ 225.4万
• 依托单位: New Mexico State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-11-15 至 2021-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1832194&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Long; Term; Research; Jornada

In many parts of the world, including the southwestern United States, lands once covered by grass are starting to look like deserts. As scientists learn more about why this is happening, they are starting to realize that these lands do not always become deserts. There are other possible outcomes, such as habitats with lots of shrubs and with plants that spread rapidly from elsewhere (non-native or "invasive" species). The goal of this project is to test new ideas about what causes these sorts of changes. Scientists at universities and at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) will work together to run experiments and collect data in the Chihuahuan Desert, where a lot can be learned from areas that have been changing in different ways. The study is especially valuable and unusual because it has been going on for more than 100 years. Scientists are not only interested in why changes are taking place but also in how those changes affect "ecosystem function," which is the way that plants and animals grow, multiply and interact with each other and with the environment. Results will help scientists around the world predict and prevent harmful impacts of environmental change. Part of the project will involve training students to do research and become scientists. Many of these students will be from nearby Hispanic-serving universities. Scientists on the project will also reach out to students and teachers at local elementary, middle and high schools. They will become engaged through exciting lessons, field trips, and workshops. Discoveries from this project will be shared through workshops, talks, websites, and mobile phone Apps.Chihuahuan Desert landscapes exemplify the ecological conditions, vulnerability, and management challenges in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. The overall goal of the Jornada Basin Long-Term Environmental Research (LTER) Program is to understand and quantify the key processes and factors that generate alternative states in drylands, and to predict future states and their consequences for the provisioning of ecosystem services. Based on long-term databases from Agricultural Research Service of the USDA beginning in 1915, studies will include four types of dynamics: (1) a shift from perennial grasslands to desertified shrublands, (2) a reversal to grassland states, (3) transitions among shrub-dominated states, and (4) invasion by non-native grasses. These transitions have profound implications for the processes reflected in the 5 core LTER research themes. In this LTER renewal project, the "trigger-feedback-heterogeneity" framework for understanding and predicting the dynamics of state changes in dryland landscapes will be expanded to contribute to emerging ecological theory on: (a) alternative states and resilience, (b) ecosystem sensitivity to global change, and (c) cross-scale interactions. The novel approach will integrate knowledge and long-term data on: (1) biological processes, (2) spatial heterogeneity in the soil-geomorphic template, and (3) variability in environmental drivers drawn from multiple lines of evidence (i.e., observations, experimental manipulations, analytical and numerical models, products from imagery, conceptual model reasoning, and theory). The information management system will be expanded into a Data Science Integrated System of drylands that will allow Jornada results to be translated to other locations in the Chihuahuan Desert and to drylands globally. LTER research will result in: (1) new understanding of state changes that lead to theory development, testable hypotheses, and new experiments; (2) accessible data, derived data products, and visualization tools applicable at multiple scales; and, (3) explanatory and predictive relationships among drivers, patterns, and processes that can be used to (4) predict dynamics of alternative states at new locations or future conditions with assessments of their impacts on ecosystem services.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在世界上的许多地方，包括美国西南部，曾经被草覆盖的土地开始看起来像沙漠。随着科学家们对这种情况发生的原因了解得越来越多，他们开始意识到这些土地并不总是变成沙漠。还有其他可能的结果，比如栖息地有很多灌木和从其他地方迅速传播的植物（非本地或“入侵”物种）。这个项目的目标是测试导致这些变化的新想法。大学和美国农业部（USDA）的科学家将共同努力，在奇瓦瓦沙漠进行实验和收集数据，在那里可以从以不同方式发生变化的地区学到很多东西。这项研究特别有价值和不寻常，因为它已经进行了100多年。科学家们不仅对变化发生的原因感兴趣，而且对这些变化如何影响“生态系统功能”感兴趣，生态系统功能是植物和动物生长、繁殖、相互作用以及与环境相互作用的方式。研究结果将帮助世界各地的科学家预测和预防环境变化的有害影响。该项目的一部分内容将包括训练学生进行研究并成为科学家。其中许多学生将来自附近的西班牙裔大学。参与该项目的科学家还将接触当地小学、初中和高中的学生和教师。他们将通过激动人心的课程、实地考察和研讨会参与进来。这个项目的发现将通过研讨会、讲座、网站和手机应用程序进行分享。奇瓦瓦沙漠景观体现了全球干旱和半干旱地区的生态状况、脆弱性和管理挑战。Jornada盆地长期环境研究（LTER）项目的总体目标是了解和量化旱地产生替代状态的关键过程和因素，并预测未来状态及其对生态系统服务提供的影响。基于美国农业部农业研究服务局从1915年开始的长期数据库，研究将包括四种类型的动态：(1)从多年生草地到沙漠化灌木地的转变，(2)向草地状态的逆转，(3)灌木主导状态的转变，以及(4)非本地草的入侵。这些转变对LTER的5个核心研究主题所反映的过程具有深远的影响。在这个LTER更新项目中，用于理解和预测旱地景观状态变化动态的“触发-反馈-异质性”框架将被扩展，以促进新兴的生态学理论：(a)替代状态和恢复力，(b)生态系统对全球变化的敏感性，以及(c)跨尺度相互作用。这种新方法将整合以下方面的知识和长期数据：(1)生物过程；(2)土壤地貌模板的空间异质性；(3)从多种证据（即观测、实验操作、分析和数值模型、图像产品、概念模型推理和理论）中得出的环境驱动因素的可变性。信息管理系统将扩展为旱地数据科学综合系统，这将使约旦的结果能够转化为奇瓦瓦沙漠的其他地点和全球旱地。LTER研究将导致：(1)对状态变化的新理解，从而导致理论发展、可测试的假设和新的实验；(2)适用于多尺度的可访问数据、衍生数据产品和可视化工具；(3)驱动因素、模式和过程之间的解释和预测关系，可用于(4)预测新地点或未来条件下不同状态的动态，并评估其对生态系统服务的影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Deciphering the past to inform the future: preparing for the next (“really big”) extreme event

破译过去以告知未来：为下一次（“非常大”）极端事件做准备

• DOI: 10.1002/fee.2194
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
• 影响因子: 10.3
• 作者: Peters, Debra PC;Burruss, N. Dylan;Okin, Gregory S.;Hatfield, Jerry L.;Scroggs, Stacey LP;Huang, Haitao;Brungard, Colby W.;Yao, Jin
• 通讯作者: Yao, Jin

Drought suppresses soil predators and promotes root herbivores in mesic, but not in xeric grasslands

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900572116
• 发表时间: 2019-06-25
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Franco, Andre L. C.;Gherardi, Laureano A.;Wall, Diana H.
• 通讯作者: Wall, Diana H.

Invasive plant benefits a native plant through plant-soil feedback but remains the superior competitor

入侵植物通过植物-土壤反馈使本土植物受益，但仍然是更优秀的竞争对手

• DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.64.57746
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: NeoBiota
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Buerdsell, Sherri L.;Milligan, Brook G.;Lehnhoff, Erik A.
• 通讯作者: Lehnhoff, Erik A.

Germination and early establishment of dryland grasses and shrubs on intact and wind-eroded soils under greenhouse conditions

温室条件下完整和风蚀土壤上旱地草和灌木的发芽和早期建立

• DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05005-9
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Plant and Soil
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Niu, Furong;Pierce, Nathan A.;Archer, Steven R.;Okin, Gregory S.
• 通讯作者: Okin, Gregory S.

Grass-Shrub Competition in Arid Lands: An Overlooked Driver in Grassland–Shrubland State Transition?

• DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0290-9
• 发表时间: 2018-08
• 期刊: Ecosystems
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Nathan A. Pierce;S. Archer;B. Bestelmeyer;D. James