LTREB: Baltimore Urban Watershed Studies

LTREB：巴尔的摩城市流域研究

• 批准号: 2123318
• 负责人: Peter Groffman
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2123318&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Baltimore; Urban; Watershed; Studies

Urban, suburban, and exurban ecosystems are important and increasing in the U.S. The watershed approach, which allows for the quantification of inputs and outputs of water, nutrients, and other substances in hydrologically defined basins, has been central to ecosystem ecology for the past 50 years, allowing for evaluation of ecosystem structure and function over areas of differing size and land use. This approach has been particularly useful for analysis of the effects of disturbances (e.g., clear cutting of forests) but also for long-term analysis of responses to more subtle aspects of environmental change such hydroclimate variability and atmospheric deposition. In the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES), this research team used the watershed approach as a basis for comparing urban ecosystems with the less human-dominated ecosystems that have been more traditionally studied by ecologists and as a platform for iterative cycles of question generation, hypothesis testing, and model development. This research sustains long-term monitoring of forested reference, agricultural reference, and a range of urban and suburban ecosystems in the BES. Such analysis of watershed input-output budgets and trends provides fundamental data on urban hydrology, nitrogen, phosphorus, chloride, pathogens, and contaminants such as metals and pharmaceutical compounds. These studies increase our fundamental understanding of the structure and function of urban ecosystems, how they compare with other ecosystem types, and identification of key factors influencing ecosystem functions and services and the fate and transport of pollutants. This research continues long-term studies that include interactions between watershed-based monitoring, experiments, and modeling that have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of both urban and non-urban ecosystems. The broader impacts of this research include a better understanding of environmental conditions affecting the diverse Baltimore human community, and a partnership with a historically black institution, Coppin State University, to train undergraduates in field and laboratory environmental biology.This project emphasizes Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) on urban watersheds. The project would continue 20+ years of studies carried out by the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) urban Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. BES established eight long-term watershed monitoring stations along an urban-rural gradient that capture the integrated influence of the biological, physical, built, and social aspects of urban ecosystem structure on watershed dynamics. Since 1998, continuous data on stream stage and discharge as well as weekly water samples for analyzing nitrate, phosphate, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride, sulfate, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH have been collected for the larger watershed that drains into urban Baltimore and then into Chesapeake Bay. The core data comprise 20+ years of data of continuous streamflow and multiple elements from over 14,000 water samples, a physical archive of collected samples, and long-term plot-scale data that provide mechanistic support for the watershed studies. These biophysical data have been paired with periodic residential household and governance surveys to pool human residents of their views on environmental quality. Funding for the BES LTER studies is ending in September 2021, creating a need for LTREB funding. Three hypotheses that have emerged from the long-term data, which require continued long-term data collection to test, will be addressed in the proposed LTREB Decadal Research Plan. These hypotheses address how interactions between climate, watershed characteristics, and human knowledge, values, and efforts to manage watersheds will affect the flashiness of urban stream hydrology, and the concentrations and exports of nitrogen, phosphorus, salt, and metals over the next 20 years.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

城市，郊区和远郊生态系统是重要的，在美国的流域方法，它允许量化的输入和输出的水，养分和其他物质在水文定义的流域，一直是生态系统生态学的核心在过去的50年里，允许评估生态系统的结构和功能的不同大小和土地利用的区域。 这种方法对于分析扰动的影响特别有用（例如，森林砍伐），而且还用于长期分析对水文气候变异性和大气沉积等环境变化更微妙方面的反应。 在巴尔的摩生态系统研究（BES）中，该研究小组使用流域方法作为比较城市生态系统与较少人为主导的生态系统的基础，这些生态系统更传统地由生态学家研究，并作为问题生成，假设检验和模型开发的迭代循环的平台。 这项研究维持了对BES中森林参考、农业参考以及一系列城市和郊区生态系统的长期监测。 这种对流域投入产出预算和趋势的分析提供了关于城市水文、氮、磷、氯化物、病原体以及金属和药物化合物等污染物的基本数据。 这些研究增加了我们对城市生态系统的结构和功能的基本理解，它们如何与其他生态系统类型进行比较，并确定影响生态系统功能和服务以及污染物的命运和运输的关键因素。这项研究继续进行长期研究，包括基于流域的监测，实验和建模之间的相互作用，有可能显着提高我们对城市和非城市生态系统的理解。这项研究的更广泛的影响包括更好地了解影响不同的巴尔的摩人类社区的环境条件，并与历史上的黑人机构，科平州立大学，培养本科生在现场和实验室环境生物学的伙伴关系。该项目将延续巴尔的摩生态系统研究（BES）城市长期生态研究（LTER）项目开展的20多年研究。北京生态系统研究所沿着城乡梯度建立了八个长期流域监测站，以捕捉城市生态系统结构的生物、物理、建筑和社会方面对流域动态的综合影响。自1998年以来，连续数据流阶段和流量，以及每周水样分析硝酸盐，磷酸盐，总氮，总磷，氯化物，硫酸盐，浊度，温度，溶解氧和pH值已被收集到更大的流域，排水到城市巴尔的摩，然后到切萨皮克湾。核心数据包括20多年的连续径流数据和来自14，000多个水样的多种元素，收集样品的物理档案，以及为流域研究提供机械支持的长期地块规模数据。这些生物物理数据与定期的居民家庭和治理调查相结合，以汇集人类居民对环境质量的看法。BES LTER研究的资金将于2021年9月结束，这就需要LTREB资金。从长期数据中出现的三个假设，需要持续的长期数据收集来检验，将在拟议的LTREB十年研究计划中得到解决。这些假设解决了气候，流域特征，人类知识，价值观和流域管理工作之间的相互作用如何影响城市河流水文学的闪光，以及氮，磷，盐，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Automated sensor-based quantification of soil water retention and microbial respiration across drying conditions

基于传感器的自动化量化干燥条件下的土壤保水性和微生物呼吸

• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.108987
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
• 影响因子: 9.7
• 作者: Gan, Huijie;Roper, Wayne R.;Groffman, Peter M.;Morris, Thomas F.;Guillard, Karl
• 通讯作者: Guillard, Karl

Long-term trends in nitrate and chloride in streams in an exurban watershed

远郊流域溪流中硝酸盐和氯化物的长期趋势

• DOI: 10.1007/s11252-023-01340-0
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Urban Ecosystems
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Castiblanco, Emma S.;Groffman, Peter M.;Duncan, Jonathan;Band, Lawrence E.;Doheny, Edward;Fisher, Gary T.;Rosi, Emma;Suchy, Amanda K.
• 通讯作者: Suchy, Amanda K.

Balancing Upland Green Infrastructure and Stream Restoration to Recover Urban Stormwater and Nitrate Load Retention

平衡高地绿色基础设施和河流恢复以恢复城市雨水和硝酸盐负荷保留

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130364
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Hydrology
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Zhang, Ruoyu;Band, Lawrence E.;Groffman, Peter M.
• 通讯作者: Groffman, Peter M.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Nitrogen Mobilization in Residential Lawns

• DOI: 10.1007/s10021-023-00848-y
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Ecosystems
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: A. Suchy;P. Groffman;L. Band;J. Duncan;A. Gold;J. Grove;D. Locke;Laura Templeton;Ruoyu Zhang

How reliable – and (net) beneficial – is the green in green infrastructure

绿色基础设施中的绿色可靠程度和（净）效益如何

• DOI: 10.1017/age.2023.6
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Agricultural and Resource Economics Review
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Groffman, Peter M.;Matsler, A. Marissa;Grabowski, Zbigniew J.
• 通讯作者: Grabowski, Zbigniew J.