CRISP Type 1/Collaborative Research: A Human-Centered Computational Framework for Urban and Community Design of Resilient Coastal Cities

沿海城市在全球经济中发挥着关键作用。然而，他们越来越多地受到自然危害和灾害的影响，例如飓风和气候变化造成的海平面上升造成的经常性洪水。这些灾害直接影响重要的沿海基础设施，如能源、交通、供水和下水道系统以及沿海城市的街道、建筑物和房屋，从而对居民的安全和福祉产生不利影响。这项研究的目标是为城市社区的弹性设计创造新的范例，并为沿海城市的设计量身定制，从而为NSF的科学和工程使命做出贡献。这项研究的结果将有助于使重要的沿海基础设施更能承受破坏。这反过来又将通过促进预期性干预措施来促进社会经济复原力。开发的技术和模拟模型将通过整合建筑、城市设计、土地使用规划、土木工程和明确考虑社会经济驱动因素的先进计算方法，重新定义传统的城市设计策略。该项目将与迈阿密市和迈阿密海滩市密切合作进行。除了这些合作作为拟议研究的案例研究外，该研究还将通过为高风险沿海城市中心提供明确的，针对具体情况的建议，直接和切实地使其受益。将通过在迈阿密和迈阿密海滩市为决策者和从业人员举办一系列研讨会，进行广泛的传播工作。将在迈阿密科学博物馆举办一次展览，以提高人们的认识，促进对复原力的研究。该项目将通过直接参与研究以及通过新的学习模块，将研究结果整合到现有的课程涉及学生。因此，拟议的教育计划将有助于培养一批新的劳动力，他们通常精通STEM学科，特别是擅长沿海城市的弹性规划。除了服务于NSF的科学使命，因此，这个项目也服务于其教育使命。这个变革性的研究将引入一种新的方法论方法，将城市设计和社会经济因素共生地整合到一个先进的模拟和优化框架中，以提高沿海城市关键基础设施的弹性。这种以人为本的计算框架将有助于确定关键的弹性基础设施，并设计和土地使用模式，以提高沿海城市的损害容忍度，同时减少沿海危害和灾害的社会经济影响。所提出的方法将汇集来自工程、建筑和社会科学的跨学科合作者，以产生几个关键创新：1）以人为本的整体计算框架，用于弹性城市的设计; 2）通过分析城市设计及其基础设施网络，识别关键类型、形态及其相互依赖性; 3）创新的灵活建模和计算框架，整合了社会经济特征，以进行模拟和弹性优化关键基础设施的（损害容忍度）; 4）一个新的优化框架，将有助于作出损害容忍的决定，可以实现预期的弹性，面对灾害的不确定性;（5）以佛罗里达的迈阿密和迈阿密海滩为例，对高度城市化沿海社区的社会经济系统的相互依赖性、趋势和类型进行了新的识别。总而言之，拟议的研究将为设想和重新设计具有弹性的沿海城市奠定科学基础，使其为应对预期的未来挑战做好准备。

Coastal cities play a critical role in the global economy. However, they are being increasingly exposed to natural hazards and disasters, such as hurricanes, and recurrent flooding due to the rise of sea-levels caused by climate change. These disasters directly impact critical coastal infrastructure such as the energy, transportation, water, and sewer systems as well as streets, buildings and houses of coastal cities, thus adversely affecting the safety and well-being of their residents. The goal of this research is to create new paradigms for the resilient design of urban communities, and uniquely tailored toward the design of coastal cities, thus contributing to NSF's science and engineering mission. Results from this research will help make critical coastal infrastructures more tolerant to damage. The in turn will foster socio-economic resilience by enabling anticipatory interventions. The developed techniques and simulation models will redefine traditional urban design strategies through the integration of architecture, urban design, land-use planning, civil engineering, and advanced computational methods that explicitly consider socio-economic drivers. This project will be conducted in close collaboration with the cities of Miami and Miami Beach. In addition to these collaborations serving as as case studies for the proposed research, the research will directly and tangibly benefit high-risk coastal urban centers by providing them with clear, context-specific recommendations with respect to implementing resiliency. Broad dissemination efforts will be undertaken via a series of seminars for decision-makers and practitioners within the cities of Miami and Miami Beach. An exposition at the Miami Museum of Science will be organized to raise awareness and promote research on resiliency. The project will involve students via direct engagement in the research as well as via new learning modules that will integrate research findings into the existing curriculum. The proposed educational plan will thus help train a new workforce that is skilled in STEM disciplines, in general, and adept in resiliency planning of coastal cities, in particular. In addition to serving NSF's science mission, therefore, this project also serves its education mission.This transformative research will introduce a novel methodological approach that symbiotically integrates urban design and socio-economic considerations into an advanced simulation and optimization framework to enhance the resilience of a coastal city's critical infrastructure. This human-centered computational framework will help identify key resilient infrastructures, and design and land use patterns that will increase the damage tolerance of coastal cities while reducing the socio-economic impacts of coastal hazards and disasters. The proposed approach will bring together an interdisciplinary set of collaborators from engineering, architecture, and social sciences, to yield several key innovations: 1) a holistic human-centered computational framework for the design of resilient cities; 2) identification of key typologies, morphologies and their interdependencies by analyzing the urban design and its infrastructure networks; 3) an innovative flexible modeling and computational framework that integrate socio-economic characteristics for simulation and resilience optimization (damage tolerance) of the critical infrastructure; 4) a novel optimization framework that will facilitate making damage tolerance decisions that can achieve anticipatory resilience in face of disaster uncertainty; and 5) new identified interdependences, trends, and typologies of socio-economic system of highly-urbanized coastal communities based on the cities of Miami and Miami Beach in Florida. In summary, the proposed research will lay the scientific foundation for envisioning and redesigning resilient coastal cities making them ready to meet anticipated future challenges.