Ocean Acidification: Oxygen-limited CO2 Tolerance in Squids (Ommastrephidaw and Loliginidae)

海洋酸化：鱿鱼（Ommastrephidaw 和 Loliginidae）对氧气有限的 CO2 耐受性

• 批准号: 1641200
• 负责人: Brad Seibel
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-02-08 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1641200&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Oxygen; limited; CO2

The present proposal is aimed at predicting the consequences of ocean acidification on ecosystem health and function. Specifically, it addresses the extent to which the combined effects of ocean acidification, global warming and expanding hypoxia may affect energetics of squids. Squids provide a critical link in oceanic food chains, feeding on the massive zooplankton populations and serving as prey to fish and mammalian predators. Their growth rates and maximum sizes are plastic, reflecting the changing ecosystem. As such, they respond quickly to environmental conditions and serve as real time indicators of ecosystem health. Oceanic squids are the only non-calcifying organisms whose sensitivity to ocean acidification was specifically predicted based on highly pH-sensitive oxygen binding by hemocyanin, the blood pigment of squids. Only a single study has tested this prediction, finding that elevated CO2 constrains metabolism and activity levels in the jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas. The proposed analysis will integrate across levels of performance, from cell, to systemic, to whole-animal function, comparing squid species with variable blood-oxygen binding properties and CO2 exposure histories. It will addresses the combined effects of declining environmental oxygen, increasing oxygen demand due to warming, and reduced oxygen transport due to high CO2 on the function of these "high-performance" invertebrates. These squids are ecologically and commercially important and are believed to be the most CO2-sensitive non-calcifying taxa. The proposed research effort will be complemented by an extensive education and outreach effort in collaboration with the Ocean Exploration Trust and aboard the E/V Nautilus in the Caribbean in summer 2013 and 2014. E/V Nautilus operates under a new paradigm of "telepresence-enabled" expeditions. Satellite and high-bandwidth Internet2 technology transmits data, including remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video feeds, to shore in real time, supporting the participation of science teams around the world and reaching a growing public and student population. Moreover, the Nautilus program is teamed up with the JASON Project that brings marine science to K-12 classrooms via curriculum development. The investigators on this project will contribute time and expertise in ocean acidification to the development of a new curriculum on Climate and Oceanography and develop a webcast for the JASON Live interactive series that will be broadcast from sea with Nautilus.

目前的建议旨在预测海洋酸化对生态系统健康和功能的后果。 具体而言，它解决了海洋酸化，全球变暖和膨胀缺氧的综合作用的程度可能会影响鱿鱼的能量学。鱿鱼在海洋食品链中提供了关键的联系，以大量的浮游动物种群为食，并成为鱼类和哺乳动物捕食者的猎物。 它们的增长率和最大尺寸是塑料，反映了变化的生态系统。 因此，他们对环境条件的反应迅速，并作为生态系统健康的实时指标。 海洋鱿鱼是唯一基于血红蛋白高度pH敏感的氧结合（鱿鱼的血液颜料），对海洋酸化的敏感性是特异性预测的。 只有一项研究测试了这一预测，发现二氧化碳升高限制了巨型鱿鱼Dosidicus gigas中的新陈代谢和活性水平。 提出的分析将跨性能水平整合，从细胞到全身，再到整个动物功能，将鱿鱼物种与可变的血氧结合特性和CO2暴露历史进行比较。它将解决环境氧下降的综合作用，增加因变暖而增加的氧需求以及由于高二氧化碳而导致的氧气转运减少对这些“高性能”无脊椎动物的功能。 这些鱿鱼在生态和商业上很重要，被认为是最含CO2敏感的非质量分类单元。 拟议的研究工作将在2013年和2014年与海洋勘探信托基金（Ocean Exploration Trust）合作，并在加勒比海地区的E/V Nautilus上合作，在2013年夏季和2014年与E/V Nautilus合作进行补充。E/V Nautilus以“远程措施支持”的新范式运营。卫星和高带宽Internet2技术将包括远程操作的车辆（ROV）视频供稿在内的数据实时传输数据，并支持全球科学团队的参与并吸引不断增长的公众和学生人数。此外，Nautilus计划与Jason项目合作，该项目通过课程开发将海洋科学带入K-12教室。该项目的调查人员将为海洋酸化的时间和专业知识提供有关气候和海洋学的新课程的开发，并为Jason Live Interactive系列开发网络广播，该系列将与Nautilus从Sea播放。