CPS: Synergy: Distributed coordination of smart devices to mitigate intermittency of renewable generation for a smarter and sustainable power grid

CPS：协同：智能设备的分布式协调，以减轻可再生能源发电的间歇性，打造更智能、可持续的电网

• 批准号: 1646229
• 负责人: Prabir Barooah
• 金额: $ 75万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1646229&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CPS; Synergy; Distributed; coordination; smart

The ultimate goal of the project is to help the electric grid become more reliable even when a large amount of electricity is generated from green, but intermittent - sources such as solar and wind. To deal with this intermittency, inexpensive source of energy storage are required. Instead of investing in batteries, this project seeks to obtain cheap storage by manipulating power demand in consumer loads through intelligent decision-making algorithms. By varying power demand up and down from what a load would nominally consume, the load can be made to behave like a battery, effectively creating a source of Virtual Energy Storage (VES). This kind of virtual storage is cheaper than batteries since it is a software-based solution; little additional hardware is needed. Another aspect of the project is to develop decision-making algorithms to cope with operational issues faced by the power distribution networks (that deliver electricity to neighborhoods) due to increasing use of intermittent solar power.There are several technical challenges in achieving this vision: of intelligently manipulating consumer loads and other devices to help the power grid operate reliably. This project aims to address two of these key challenges. One is the design of algorithms to coordinate the actions of a large number of loads without a central decision-maker. Distributed (as opposed to centralized) control will be necessary since the communication and computation burden of a centralized scheme is overwhelming. At the same time, distributed control algorithms need to deliver reliable performance with low communication bandwidth, and be cognizant of the privacy and security concerns inherent in such Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) with humans in the loop. The second challenge is that the demand manipulation at the loads has to be done in such a manner that consumers. Quality of Service (QoS) is maintained in tight, pre-negotiated bounds. A number of technical innovations undergird the proposed work. These innovations include (1) frequency decomposition to map consumer resources to grid?s needs, (2) randomized control algorithms to convert intractable combinatorial optimization problems to tractable convex problems, and (3) physical signaling through grid-frequency and voltage measurements to enable multi-agent coordination without explicit communication.

该项目的最终目标是帮助电网变得更加可靠，即使大量的电力是由绿色，但间歇性的来源，如太阳能和风能。为了处理这种不稳定性，需要廉价的能量存储源。该项目不投资于电池，而是通过智能决策算法操纵消费者负载的电力需求来获得廉价的存储。通过从负载名义上消耗的功率向上和向下改变功率需求，可以使负载表现得像电池一样，有效地创建虚拟能量存储（VES）的来源。这种虚拟存储比电池更便宜，因为它是一种基于软件的解决方案;几乎不需要额外的硬件。该项目的另一个方面是开发决策算法，以科普由于间歇性太阳能的使用越来越多而导致的配电网（向社区供电）面临的运营问题。实现这一愿景存在几个技术挑战：智能地操纵消费者负载和其他设备，以帮助电网可靠地运行。该项目旨在解决其中两个关键挑战。一个是设计算法来协调大量负载的动作，而无需中央决策者。分布式（相对于集中式）控制将是必要的，因为集中式方案的通信和计算负担是压倒性的。与此同时，分布式控制算法需要在低通信带宽的情况下提供可靠的性能，并认识到这种网络物理系统（CPS）中固有的隐私和安全问题。第二个挑战是，负载处的需求操纵必须以消费者。服务质量（QoS）保持在严格的、预先协商的范围内。一些技术创新加强了拟议的工作。这些创新包括：（1）频率分解，以映射消费者资源的网格？的需要，（2）随机控制算法转换棘手的组合优化问题，以易于处理的凸问题，和（3）物理信令通过电网频率和电压测量，使多代理协调没有明确的通信。

项目成果

Personal Comfort Node: Prototyping of a Comfort Sensor for HVAC Control

个人舒适节点：用于 HVAC 控制的舒适传感器原型设计

• DOI: 10.32473/ufjur.v22i0.121795
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of undergraduate research
• 作者: Rosenberger, Joseph;Coffman, Austin;Barooah, Prabir
• 通讯作者: Barooah, Prabir

Aggregate capacity of TCLs with cycling constraints

具有循环限制的 TCL 总产能

• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: ArXivorg
• 作者: Coffman, Austin;Cammardella, Neil;Barooah, Prabir;Meyn, Sean
• 通讯作者: Meyn, Sean

Resource allocation with local QoS: Flexible loads in the power grid

具有本地QoS的资源分配：电网中的灵活负载

• DOI: 10.1109/ccta41146.2020.9206313
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: 2020 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA
• 作者: Coffman, Austin R.;Hale, Matthew;Barooah, Prabir
• 通讯作者: Barooah, Prabir

Substation Grounding Grid Diagnosis Applying Optimization Techniques Based on Measurements and Field Tests

• DOI: 10.1109/tia.2020.2966187
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: M. Telló;D. Gazzana;Victor B. Telló;Lucas T. C. Pulz;R. Leborgne;A. Bretas

Kullback-Leibler-Quadratic Optimal Control of Flexible Power Demand

灵活电力需求的Kullback-Leibler-二次最优控制

• DOI: 10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029512
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: IEEE Conference Decision and Control
• 作者: Cammardella, Neil;Busic, Ana;Ji, Yuting;Meyn, Sean
• 通讯作者: Meyn, Sean