CSforAll: EAGER: Making Bootstrap Accessible to Visually-Impaired Users

CSforAll：EAGER：让视障用户可以访问 Bootstrap

• 批准号: 1648684
• 负责人: Shriram Krishnamurthi
• 金额: $ 29.64万
• 依托单位: Brown University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1648684&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CSforAll; EAGER; Making; Bootstrap; Accessible

Brown University proposes a project to create a flexible, language agnostic software library that makes text and block programming tools accessible to visually-impaired users. Screen-readers, the most common affordable tool for presenting text to those who can't read it directly, have difficulties presenting source code which is symbol-heavy and navigated best not as a list of words, but as an abstract syntax tree (AST). This project will produce a collection of JavaScript libraries that annotate source code with structural descriptions suitable for presentation by screen readers. JavaScript was chosen because web-based environments address common technical and logistical challenges in schools. They place fewer demands on IT staff for installation and maintenance, and enable students to work outside of school without manually transferring files. Web-based software is also easier to upgrade and evolve on the developer's end. Being the lingua-franca for cloud-based UIs, the browser's Document Object Model (DOM) is currently receiving significant attention when it comes to accessibility and thus, by using the DOM to display our IDE, we can leverage these investments now and in the future. The libraries created in this project will be used to make two web-based environments--WeScheme and code.pyret.org--accessible, and those environments will be used in conducting usability testing with visually-impaired users.

布朗大学提出了一个项目，以创建一个灵活的，语言不可知的软件库，使文本和块编程工具，视障用户访问。 屏幕阅读器是向那些不能直接阅读文本的人呈现文本的最常见的负担得起的工具，它很难呈现符号繁重的源代码，并且最好不要作为单词列表，而是作为抽象语法树（AST）进行导航。这个项目将产生一个JavaScript库的集合，这些库用适合屏幕阅读器呈现的结构描述来注释源代码。之所以选择JavaScript，是因为基于Web的环境解决了学校中常见的技术和后勤挑战。它们对IT人员的安装和维护要求更低，并且使学生能够在校外工作，而无需手动传输文件。基于Web的软件也更容易在开发人员端升级和发展。作为基于云的UI的通用语言，浏览器的文档对象模型（DOM）目前在可访问性方面受到了极大的关注，因此，通过使用DOM来显示我们的IDE，我们现在和将来都可以利用这些投资。在这个项目中创建的库将被用于使两个基于网络的环境--WeScheme和code.pyret.org--可访问，这些环境将被用于对视障用户进行可用性测试。

项目成果

Accessible AST-Based Programming for Visually-Impaired Programmers

为视障程序员提供基于 AST 的无障碍编程

• DOI: 10.1145/3287324.3287499
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: SIGCSE '19 Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education
• 作者: Schanzer, Emmanuel;Bahram, Sina;Krishnamurthi, Shriram
• 通讯作者: Krishnamurthi, Shriram

Adapting Student IDEs for Blind Programmers

为盲人程序员调整学生 IDE

• DOI: 10.1145/3428029.3428051
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: International Conference on Computing Education Research
• 作者: Schanzer, Emmanuel;Bahram, Sina;Krishnamurthi, Shriram
• 通讯作者: Krishnamurthi, Shriram