RAPID: Transit Network Disruption, Service Reliability, and Travel Behavior

由于对老化的基础设施、系统故障和灾难的维护需求增加，主要的交通中断变得更加频繁。运输机构和旅行者都需要更好的信息来为此类事件做好准备。考虑到这些事件引起的重大公众困扰，本研究的目标对我们社会的福祉至关重要。了解旅客随时间变化的行为反应对于有效规划和管理多式联运系统的基础设施维护和灾害应对至关重要。该快速响应研究（Rapid）项目将收集2016年6月至2017年3月期间华盛顿特区15次地铁服务中断事件（SafeTrack项目）之前、期间和之后的系统性能和出行行为的独特且易失效的数据。该分析将促进我们对主要交通服务中断对多式联运系统的影响的理解，为如何优化维护活动的规划和执行提供见解。运输系统分析领域将受益于本项目收集的详细的出行行为调整和系统级再平衡观察结果。公共交通可能是许多低收入或弱势旅行者的唯一选择，这项研究也将揭示这些群体的成员对交通服务中断的反应。本研究的目标是：1)利用最先进的纵向行为数据收集方法，收集15次地铁服务中断事件发生之前、期间和之后的独特系统性能和出行行为数据集；2)检验主要交通服务中断对多式联运系统影响的假设；3)加深对人类行为反应和系统在这种破坏后的再平衡的理解；4)系统地发现规划和运营策略，可以最大限度地减少主要交通服务关闭的影响，这是基于对出行行为的更好理解。该项目将是第一个全面研究这种规模的交通网络中断，并提供完整的出行行为和系统性能数据前后对比。该项目产生的纵向出行行为数据也将促进未来对交通网络可靠性、弹性和事件响应的研究。该项目将填补多模式、多维出行行为对主要交通网络中断反应的文献空白。这也将是探索交通系统在重大交通网络中断后重新平衡（或缺乏平衡）的第一次研究努力。了解乘客对交通服务中断的反应是制定和实施有效策略（例如，如何优化部署预留的公交车队）的关键理论前提，这些策略可以最大限度地减少系统影响，提高交通系统的可靠性和弹性。

Major transit disruptions have become more frequent due to increasing maintenance needs for an aging infrastructure, system failures, and disasters. Both transportation agencies and travelers need better information to prepare for such events. Considering the significant public distress caused by such events, the objectives of this research are crucial to the well-being of our society. Understanding travelers' behavioral responses over time are essential to effective planning and management of multimodal transportation systems for infrastructure maintenance and disaster response. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project will collect unique and perishible data on system performance and travel behavior before, during and after each of the 15 Metro service disruption events (the SafeTrack project) in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area scheduled between June 2016 and March 2017. The analysis will advance our understanding on the impact of major transit service disruptions on a multi-modal transportation system, yielding insights on how to optimize the planning and execution of maintenance events. The field of transportation systems analysis will benefit from the detailed travel behavior adjustment and system-level re-equilibration observations collected from this project. Mass transit may be the only option for many low-income or disadvantaged travelers, and this research will also reveal members of these groups respond to transit service disruptions.The objectives of the research are to 1) collect unique system performance and travel behavior data sets before, during and after each of the 15 Metro service disruption events using state-of-the-art longitudinal behavior data collection methods; 2) test hypotheses on the impact of major transit service disruptions on a multi-modal transportation system; 3) advance understanding of human behavioral responses and system re-equilibration after such disruptions; and 4) systematically discover planning and operations strategies that can minimize the impact of major transit service shutdowns based on this improved understanding of travel behavior. This project will be the first comprehensive study on transit network disruption of this magnitude with complete before-and-after travel behavior and system performance data. Longitudinal travel behavior data produced from this project will also stimulate future research on transit network reliability, resiliency, and incident response. This project will fill a major gap in the literature on multi-modal, multi-dimensional travel behavioral responses to major transit network disruptions. This will also be a first research effort that explores the transportation system re-equilibration (or lack of it) after major transit network disruptions. Understanding how travelers respond to transit service disruptions is a critically theoretical prerequisite toward developing and implementing effective strategies (e.g., how to optimally deploy the reserved bus fleet) that minimize system impact and improve transit system reliability and resiliency.