CAREER: Impacts of Marine Algal Blooms on Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Seawater Desalination

职务名称：职业：海藻水华对海水淡化消毒副产物形成的影响PI姓名：戴宁提案编号：1652412反渗透海水淡化是满足全球日益增长的水需求的最重要技术之一。在反渗透海水淡化厂的进口处，消毒剂（例如，氯）通常被加入以抑制微生物对处理单元，特别是RO膜的污染。这些消毒剂可以与海洋有机物反应，形成有害的消毒副产物（DBPs）。最近，海洋藻华被证明中断脱盐操作，造成严重的膜污染，由于高浓度的藻类有机物（AOM）在藻华期间。虽然消毒剂对于控制藻类水华期间的污染至关重要，但尚未考虑高AOM浓度对脱盐过程中DBP形成的影响。在本项目中，PI将调查与海洋藻华相关的藻类物种形成DBP的情况，并将为海水淡化操作制定DBP缓解策略。教育活动将侧重于提高所有学位水平的环境工程专业学生的专业能力，并扩大在科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）中代表性不足的群体的参与。该项目将侧重于海藻形成DBP的基本原理以及将研究结果应用于海水淡化操作。该项目将包括四个研究目标。首先，将在模拟藻华期间海水淡化消毒的条件下评估与藻华相关的海藻物种的DBP形成潜力。代表性物种将根据其与美国海岸沿着海洋藻华的相关性进行选择。藻类培养物和提取的细胞内和细胞外AOM将经受一套消毒剂、氯、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧、高锰酸盐及其组合。其次，将评估来自不同藻类生长阶段的新鲜AOM和生物和非生物转化后的老化AOM的DBP形成。第三，将确定海藻细胞中DBP的形成机制和重要的DBP前体。海水淡化条件下DBP形成的基本知识将是设计海水淡化设施DBP预防策略的基础。最后，AOM转化消毒后，其膜污染潜力的影响将其特征在于建议策略，以实现膜污染控制和DBP预防之间的平衡。分析工具，如气体，液体和尺寸排阻色谱法，质谱法和分光光度法将用于监测DBP的形成和表征AOM转化。整体教育活动将包括研究生研究和指导培训，为本科生提供研究经验，将合作设计项目为基础的学习纳入研究生和本科生环境工程课程，以及K-12外展侧重于高中和中学教师发展。

Title: CAREER: Impacts of Marine Algal Blooms on Disinfection By-Product Formation in Seawater DesalinationPI Name: Ning Dai Proposal Number: 1652412 Reverse osmosis (RO)-based seawater desalination is one of the most important technologies for meeting the growing global water demand. At the intake of RO desalination plants, disinfectants (e.g., chlorine) are often added to suppress fouling of the treatment units, especially RO membranes, by microorganisms. These disinfectants can react with marine organic matter to form harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). Recently, marine algal blooms were shown to interrupt desalination operations by causing severe membrane fouling, as a result of the high concentration of algal organic matter (AOM) during algal blooms. While disinfectants are crucial for controlling fouling during algal blooms, the implications of high AOM concentrations on DBP formation in desalination have not been considered. In this project the PI will investigate the formation of DBPs from algae species relevant to marine algal blooms and will develop DBP mitigation strategies for desalination operations. Education activities will focus on promoting professional competencies of environmental engineering students at all degree levels and on broadening participation of underrepresented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This project will focus on both the fundamentals of DBP formation from marine algae and the application of findings to desalination operations. The project will encompass four research objectives. First, the DBP formation potential of bloom-relevant marine algae species will be evaluated under conditions simulating disinfection in seawater desalination during algal blooms. Representative species will be selected based on their relevance to marine algal blooms along the US coasts. The algae culture and the extracted intra- and extra-cellular AOM will be subjected to a suite of disinfectants, chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, permanganate, and their combinations. Second, DBP formation will be evaluated for fresh AOM derived from different algae growth stages and aged AOM after biotic and abiotic transformation. Third, the mechanisms of DBP formation from marine algae cells and the important DBP precursors will be identified. The fundamental knowledge of DBP formation under desalination scenario will be the basis for designing DBP prevention strategies for desalination facilities. Lastly, the effects of AOM transformation upon disinfection on its membrane fouling potential will be characterized to suggest strategies to achieve a balance between membrane fouling control and DBP prevention. Analytical tools such as gas, liquid, and size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, and spectrophotometry will be employed to monitor DBP formation and characterize AOM transformation. The integral educational activities will include graduate student training in research and mentoring, providing research experience for undergraduates, incorporating cooperative design project-based learning in graduate and undergraduate environmental engineering courses, and K-12 outreach focusing on high school and middle school teacher development.