Costs of parasite resistance - An integrated study of underlying mechanisms

寄生虫抗性的成本 - 潜在机制的综合研究

• 批准号: 1654417
• 负责人: Michal Polak
• 金额: $ 88.23万
• 依托单位: University of Cincinnati Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1654417&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Costs; parasite; resistance; integrated; study

Why are some individuals more susceptible to infection by parasites than others? Parasites by definition harm the fitness of individuals (hosts), and thus are expected to have a powerful influence on host abundance, population cycles and the evolution of their defenses. This research will identify how genetic variation in host defenses is maintained and thus how hosts evolve to reduce the effects of parasites. The research uses two species of fruit flies, Drosophila species, and their mite parasites as a model. The research outcomes will inform the development of improved pest control strategies in agricultural settings, and new methods to control disease vectors that are of significance to human health and wellbeing. Research outcomes will be integrated into educational outreach programs involving high school students and the general public. A major hypothesis for the maintenance of genetic variation in defensive traits, and hence for the enormous evolutionary potential of parasitism, involves costs of resistance. Costs are expressed as trade-offs between host resistance and other fitness-related traits, such as reproductive output, in the absence of parasites. There are few data available for animal host-parasite systems on the genetic and physiological bases of costs of resistance, despite their widespread importance. The researchers will bridge studies of host molecular, metabolomic, and physiological processes, with whole-organism fitness functions, to understand the mechanistic bases of costs of parasite resistance. Using two naturally occurring host-parasite systems, three interrelated aims will be achieved. 1) Test for trade-offs between evolved ectoparasite resistance and major life-history traits in D. melanogaster. 2) Determine and compare the causal molecular and metabolomic factors of ectoparasite resistance and of trade-offs in the two systems. 3) Identify the physiological and anatomical mechanisms underlying fitness costs. The results will be unique to animals, and will complement studies in plant and microbial systems. The research will thus contribute to the development of a unified theory of resistance evolution.

为什么有些人比其他人更容易感染寄生虫？根据定义，寄生虫危害个体(宿主)的适合性，因此预计将对宿主的丰度、种群周期及其防御系统的进化产生强大的影响。这项研究将确定宿主防御系统中的遗传变异是如何维持的，从而确定宿主如何进化以减少寄生虫的影响。这项研究使用了两种果蝇--果蝇及其寄生的蠕虫作为模型。研究成果将为改进农业环境中的虫害控制战略，以及控制对人类健康和福祉具有重要意义的病媒的新方法的发展提供信息。研究成果将被纳入涉及高中生和普通公众的教育推广计划。维持防御性状遗传变异的一个主要假说，以及寄生的巨大进化潜力，都涉及到抗性的代价。在没有寄生虫的情况下，成本表现为寄主抗性和其他与健康相关的特征之间的权衡，例如生殖输出。关于动物宿主-寄生虫系统的抗性成本的遗传和生理基础，尽管它们具有广泛的重要性，但可用的数据很少。研究人员将把对宿主分子、代谢和生理过程的研究与整个生物体的适应功能联系起来，以了解寄生虫抗性成本的机制基础。利用两个自然产生的宿主-寄生虫系统，将实现三个相互关联的目标。1)在进化的体外寄生虫抗性和主要生活史性状之间的权衡测试。2)确定和比较体外寄生虫抗性的致病分子和代谢因素以及两个系统中的权衡。3)确定健身成本背后的生理和解剖学机制。这一结果将是动物独有的，并将补充植物和微生物系统的研究。因此，这项研究将有助于建立统一的抗性进化理论。

项目成果

Dehydration Dynamics in Terrestrial Arthropods: From Water Sensing to Trophic Interactions.

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-091609
• 发表时间: 2023-01-23
• 期刊: Annual review of entomology
• 影响因子: 23.8

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9
• 发表时间: 2021-03-10
• 期刊: BMC biology
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Olafson PU;Aksoy S;Attardo GM;Buckmeier G;Chen X;Coates CJ;Davis M;Dykema J;Emrich SJ;Friedrich M;Holmes CJ;Ioannidis P;Jansen EN;Jennings EC;Lawson D;Martinson EO;Maslen GL;Meisel RP;Murphy TD;Nayduch D;Nelson DR;Oyen KJ;Raszick TJ;Ribeiro JMC;Robertson HM;Rosendale AJ;Sackton TB;Saelao P;Swiger SL;Sze SH;Tarone AM;Taylor DB;Warren WC;Waterhouse RM;Weirauch MT;Werren JH;Wilson RK;Zdobnov EM;Benoit JB
• 通讯作者: Benoit JB

The Antarctic mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus, shares bacterial microbiome community membership but not abundance between adults and tritonymphs

• DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02582-5
• 发表时间: 2019-11-01
• 期刊: POLAR BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Holmes, Christopher J.;Jennings, Emily C.;Benoit, Joshua B.
• 通讯作者: Benoit, Joshua B.

Do Mosquitoes Sleep?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.08.004
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Trends in parasitology
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: Ajayi OM;Eilerts DF;Bailey ST;Vinauger C;Benoit JB
• 通讯作者: Benoit JB

Genome and Ontogenetic-Based Transcriptomic Analyses of the Flesh Fly, Sarcophaga bullata

• DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400148
• 发表时间: 2019-03
• 期刊: G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics
• 作者: Ellen O. Martinson;J. Peyton;Yogeshwar D. Kelkar;Emily C. Jennings;J. Benoit;J. Werren;D. Denlinger