Collaborative Research: Understanding Large-scale Patterns of Ecomorph Evolution

合作研究：了解生态形态进化的大规模模式

• 批准号: 1655690
• 负责人: John Wiens
• 金额: $ 27.89万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-05-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655690&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; Large; scale

A fundamental goal of biology is to understand the diversity of life. Some of the most interesting diversity involves ecomorphs, which are different species that have evolved to have similar body forms and behaviors that adapt them to the same ecological niche. It is known that the same ecomorph often evolves independently many times, but little is known about what explains overall patterns of ecomorph evolution. For example, is evolutionary change between some ecomorphs more common than others, and what explains these differences? In this project, a new, integrative approach will be developed to explore these fundamental questions about evolution, using frogs as a model system. The approach combines reconstructing species ancestry, (i.e., their evolutionary relationships), with data on species ecology, body morphology, physiological performance (how well they jump, swim, and climb), and their geographic distribution. This study will provide the first exploration of how these different factors explain large-scale patterns of ecomorph evolution across this major group of organisms. To address these factors, the investigators will develop statistical tools that can be applied to any group of organisms. General questions about the methods used to reconstruct evolutionary trees with genetic data will also be addressed. This project will support training of undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers in a diversity of disciplines and techniques. The training will also include a summer undergraduate research experience, with students recruited from historically underrepresented groups. Outreach talks and a video on the project's goals, results, and implications will be delivered to public audiences. This project has two major objectives. First, a new large-scale phylogeny of anurans will be developed, using new phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements and existing supermatrices. Urgent and general questions about the methodology of phylogenomic analyses will also be addressed. Second, the investigators will estimate patterns of transitions in ecomorphs and test the factors that explain these patterns. Specifically, researchers will collect morphological data from museum specimens for ~2,500 species. They will also collect new performance data for 65 targeted species from North America, Europe, Africa, and Madagascar, and add this to their existing performance data for 63 species from Asia, Australia, and North and South America. Data will be obtained on microhabitats and analyzed in the context of the new phylogeny to estimate transition rates among microhabitat-associated ecomorphs. Several hypotheses will then be tested about why transition rates differ among ecomorphs, including hypotheses related to ecomorph morphology, functional performance, diversification rates, and biogeography. Data will come from the scientific literature, specimens from scientific collections, and fieldwork in North America, Europe, and Africa.

生物学的一个基本目标是了解生命的多样性。一些最有趣的多样性涉及生态形态，它们是不同的物种，它们已经进化出相似的身体形态和行为，使它们适应相同的生态位。众所周知，同一个生态形态通常会独立进化多次，但对于生态形态进化的整体模式的解释却知之甚少。例如，某些生态形态之间的进化变化是否比其他生态形态更常见？如何解释这些差异？在该项目中，将开发一种新的综合方法，以青蛙作为模型系统来探索这些有关进化的基本问题。该方法将重建物种祖先（即它们的进化关系）与物种生态、身体形态、生理性能（它们跳跃、游泳和攀爬的能力）及其地理分布的数据结合起来。这项研究将首次探索这些不同的因素如何解释这一主要生物体群体的大规模生态形态进化模式。为了解决这些因素，研究人员将开发可应用于任何生物体群体的统计工具。有关用遗传数据重建进化树的方法的一般问题也将得到解决。该项目将支持对本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员进行多种学科和技术的培训。培训还将包括暑期本科生研究经验，学生是从历史上代表性不足的群体中招募的。关于该项目的目标、结果和影响的外展演讲和视频将向公众发布。该项目有两个主要目标。首先，将利用来自超保守元素和现有超级矩阵的新系统发育数据，开发新的大规模无尾动物系统发育学。有关系统发育分析方法的紧急和一般性问题也将得到解决。其次，研究人员将估计生态形态的转变模式，并测试解释这些模式的因素。具体来说，研究人员将从博物馆标本中收集约 2,500 个物种的形态数据。 他们还将收集来自北美、欧洲、非洲和马达加斯加的 65 个目标物种的新性能数据，并将其添加到来自亚洲、澳大利亚、南北美洲的 63 个物种的现有性能数据中。 将获得有关微生境的数据，并在新的系统发育背景下进行分析，以估计与微生境相关的生态形态之间的转变率。然后将测试关于为什么生态形态之间的转变率不同的几个假设，包括与生态形态形态、功能表现、多样化率和生物地理学相关的假设。数据将来自科学文献、科学收藏的标本以及北美、欧洲和非洲的实地考察。

项目成果

BAMM gives misleading rate estimates in simulated and empirical datasets

• DOI: 10.1111/evo.13574
• 发表时间: 2018-10-01
• 期刊: EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Meyer, Andreas L. S.;Roman-Palacios, Cristian;Wiens, John J.
• 通讯作者: Wiens, John J.

Do Alignment and Trimming Methods Matter for Phylogenomic (UCE) Analyses?

• DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa064
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: Systematic biology
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: D. Portik;J. Wiens

Recent responses to climate change reveal the drivers of species extinction and survival

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913007117
• 发表时间: 2020-02-25
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Roman-Palacios, Cristian;Wiens, John J.
• 通讯作者: Wiens, John J.

Songs versus colours versus horns: what explains the diversity of sexually selected traits?

• DOI: 10.1111/brv.12593
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Biological Reviews
• 影响因子: 10
• 作者: J. Wiens;E. Tuschhoff

Rapid niche shifts in introduced species can be a million times faster than changes among native species and ten times faster than climate change

• DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13649
• 发表时间: 2019-07
• 期刊: Journal of Biogeography
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: J. Wiens;Y. Litvinenko;Lauren Harris;Tereza Jezkova