RCN: Developing an Integrative Approach to Computational and Digital History and Philosophy of Science

该奖项支持国际研究协调网络（RCN）的发展，以发展历史和科学哲学（HPS）研究的计算和大数据方法。这样的研究开始从个别项目中产生新的见解。但是，为了充分利用这些方法，需要采取综合办法。RCN将采取一些必要步骤，最终提供HPS知识的结构化表示，并为数据驱动的计算HPS基础设施奠定基础。考虑到环境、问题和方法的多样性，很明显，集成、协调和标准不能集中实施，这意味着RCN是这种类型项目的相关机制。通过建立一种新的计算和数据驱动的HPS综合方法，RCN将反过来促进HPS与大数据和数据驱动科学的整合。此外，RCN将通过这种方法促进新类型的问题，从而增加HPS在科学与社会交叉的更大问题上的相关性。它还将促进国际合作和不同学者群体的融合，特别是许多年轻学者；它将通过促进对开源、开放获取和开放教育的承诺来实现这一目标，从而为包括公众在内的HPS社区提供更广泛的访问和参与。如果没有协调的权威和本体，数据就不能在各个项目之间共享或集成，严重限制了它们的广泛使用。如果没有这种规模经济的好处，计算方法在HPS中的变革性影响是有限的，因为跨多个项目的数据集的集成和计算分析正是产生新颖和创新问题的原因。该RCN解决了HPS中计算和数字项目中与权威和本体相关的挑战，通过对数据模型、权威和本体的分步聚合和映射，研究和开发映射权威和跨HPS项目集成本体的计算解决方案。国际RCN将(1)巩固计算HPS研究人员的工作社会/组织网络，包括一套结构化的教育模块；(2)协调软件解决方案的研发，以应对跨HPS项目的数据集成挑战；(3)以计算转向如何影响科学领域发展为例，记录并分析得出这些解决方案和整合的过程。

This award supports the development of an international Research Coordination Network (RCN) for developing computational and big data methods for history and philosophy of science (HPS) research. Such research is beginning to yield novel insights from individual projects. However, an integrated approach is required in order to take full advantage of these methods. The RCN will take some of the steps that are necessary to eventually provide a structured representation of HPS knowledge and the foundation for a data driven computational HPS infrastructure. Given the diversity of contexts, questions, and approaches, it is clear that integration, coordination and standards cannot be imposed centrally, meaning that an RCN is the pertinent mechanism for this type of project. By establishing a new integrative approach to computational and data-driven HPS, the RCN will in turn facilitate an integration of HPS with big-data and data-driven science. In addition, the RCN will lead to new types of questions facilitated by this approach, and thereby increase the relevance of HPS for larger questions at the intersection between science and society. It will also facilitate international collaborations and the inclusion of a diverse group of scholars, particularly many younger scholars; it will do so by promoting commitment to open source, open access, and open education thereby providing broader access to and participation in the HPS community, including members of the general public. Without coordinated authorities and ontologies, data cannot be shared or integrated across individual projects, severely limiting their broader use. Without the benefits of such an economy of scale the transformative impact of computational methods in HPS is limited as the integration and computational analysis of datasets across multiple projects is precisely what enables novel and innovative questions. This RCN addresses the challenges related to authorities and ontologies for computational and digital projects in HPS by conducting research and developing computational solutions for mapping authorities and integrating ontologies across HPS projects through step-wise aggregation and mapping of data models, authorities and ontologies. The international RCN will (1) solidify a working social/organizational network of researchers in computational HPS, including a structured set of educational modules; (2) coordinate research and development of software solutions to address the challenge of data integration across HPS projects; and (3) document and analyze the process of reaching these solutions and integration as an example of how the computational turn affects the development of scientific fields.