Collaborative Research: P2C2--Madagascar Caves and Paleoclimate (MADCAP), Investigating Climate Variability in the Southern Hemisphere of the Western Indian Ocean

合作研究：P2C2--马达加斯加洞穴和古气候（MADCAP），调查西印度洋南半球的气候变化

• 批准号: 1702691
• 负责人: William McGee
• 金额: $ 13.55万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-11-15 至 2020-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1702691&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; P2C2; Madagascar; Caves

The project will produce educational materials and exhibits prepared for a general audience and displayed in a modest museum now under construction at Tsimanampetsotse National Park. The displays will reveal how research with stalagmites helps uncover the climate and vegetation history of Madagascar and will help heighten public awareness of the Park's natural history and biodiversity. This project will involve several Malagasy scientists and includes mentoring for a doctoral student and post-doctoral scholar. The project will also support research and laboratory experiences for undergraduates at both MIT and UMass. Finally, a better understanding of the causes of decadal-scale climate variability will help in providing insights into potential future changes in rainfall in a country that experiences severe drought and flooding on inter-annual time scales.The aims of the research are: 1) to investigate sub-decadal to annual resolution changes in precipitation over the past 2,000 years and determine the relationships between precipitation in Madagascar and variability in the Indian Ocean Zonal Mode, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other drivers of inter-annual and decadal-scale climate variability; 2) investigate the relationships between climate, landscape evolution and the disappearance of Madagascar's endemic megafauna in the Late Holocene; and 3) investigate the timing and nature of millennial and orbital scale variability in the Indian Ocean Monsoon in the Southern Hemisphere and determine how it relates to Northern Hemisphere Monsoon variability and climate changes in East Africa.This project aims to use speleothems from caves at two locations in Madagascar to reconstruct climate and landscape evolution in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. High-resolution time series of speleothem delta 18-Oxygen and Strontium/Calcium and Magnesium/Calcium trace element ratios measured on stalagmites collected from northwest and southwest Madagascar will be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation. Speleothem delta 13-Carbon measurements will be used as a proxy for the evolution of the landscape between forest and grassland. Precise age models will be constructed using 230 Thorium/Uranium.

该项目将为普通观众制作教育材料和展览，并在目前正在Tsimanampetsotse国家公园建造的一个规模不大的博物馆展出。这些展览将揭示石笋研究如何帮助揭示马达加斯加的气候和植被历史，并将有助于提高公众对公园自然历史和生物多样性的认识。该项目将涉及几名马达加斯加科学家，并包括对一名博士生和博士后学者的指导。 该项目还将支持麻省理工学院和麻省大学本科生的研究和实验室经验。最后，更好地了解十年尺度气候变率的原因将有助于深入了解在年际时间尺度上经历严重干旱和洪水的国家未来降雨量的潜在变化。1）研究过去2年降水的年代际到年分辨率变化，（b）确定马达加斯加降水与印度洋纬向模态、厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）和其他年际和十年尺度气候变率驱动因素之间的关系; 2）研究全新世晚期气候、景观演化与马达加斯加特有巨型动物消失之间的关系;和3）的方法调查南半球印度洋季风的千年和轨道尺度变化的时间和性质，并确定它与北方半球季风的关系该项目旨在利用马达加斯加两个地点洞穴的洞穴沉积物，重建晚更新世和全新世的气候和景观演变。高分辨率的时间序列的洞穴三角洲18-氧和锶/钙和镁/钙的微量元素的比例测量石笋收集西北和西南马达加斯加将被用来重建过去的降水变化。 洞穴沉积物三角洲13-碳测量将被用作森林和草原之间景观演变的代用指标。精确的年龄模型将使用230钍/铀建造。

项目成果

Competing Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation Effects on Southwest Madagascan Rainfall During the Last Deglaciation

• DOI: 10.1029/2018pa003466
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: N. Scroxton;S. Burns;D. McGee;B. Hardt;L. Godfrey;Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana;P. Faina

Rapid measurement of strontium in speleothems using core-scanning micro X-ray fluorescence

• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.04.008
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: Chemical Geology
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: N. Scroxton;S. Burns;P. Dawson;J. M. Rhodes;K. Brent;D. McGee;H. Heijnis;P. Gadd;W. Hantoro;M. Gagan