Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Interactions Between the East Asian Monsoon and Westerly Jet at Multiple Timescales via the Flux and Provenance of Eolian and Fluvial Supply

合作研究：东亚季风与西风急流在多时间尺度上的相互作用——基于风供沙尘和河流对大陆边缘沉积物的输入它决定了世界上20%以上人口降水的季节性和强度。该提案旨在确定西风急流的平均状态和变动性及其与东亚季风在过去300万年中跨越大范围背景气候的关键间隔的关系。这将使我们对这个全球关键地区的气候敏感性和行为有一个迄今为止尚未实现的认识。研究人员将通过在日本海/东海和东中国海的几个关键海洋地点研究它们的化学和同位素组成来检查风吹尘埃和河流物质的输入。陆源物质主要通过风输送到日本海/东海，反映了西风急流的行为；陆源物质主要通过长江输送到东海，反映了中国内陆的降水强度和分布。追踪这些输入的变化可用于推断亚洲的大气和降水状况。该项目解决了气候系统中与社会高度相关的关键部分的气候敏感性和行为。除了整合三个参与机构的工作之外，该提案还建立在与其他科学家合作的基础上，这些科学家正在开发区域气候的互补记录，包括反映东亚夏季季风强度的多项研究。拟议的研究涉及探险队美国科学团队的40%，汇集了大量的国内和国际合作者，利用其他资助资源（美国和国际），并直接为所有三所机构的本科和研究生教育做出贡献。摘要本研究旨在通过对日本海/东海和中国东海陆源物源和通量的化学和同位素示踪剂的研究，建立东亚千年至百万年时间尺度气候变率的可靠新记录。陆源物质主要通过风输送到日本海/东海，反映了西风急流的行为；陆源物质主要通过长江输送到东海，反映了中国内陆的降水强度和分布。本文旨在确定西风急流的平均状态和变率及其与东亚季风的耦合，特别关注上新世-更新世边界、中更新世过渡和最后~450 ka，并将对这一全球关键区域的气候敏感性和行为产生迄今为止尚未实现的理解。从IODP 346远征队（亚洲季风）新收集的沉积物岩心提供了一个独特的机会，可以产生跨越数百万年的千年尺度分辨率的连续记录。研究人员将使用XRF岩心扫描来提供高分辨率的连续记录，并在特定的时间间隔内进行元素和同位素分析，以详细了解风成和河流沉积物来源的变化。将XRF扫描记录与定量化学和同位素示踪剂相结合是非常罕见的。建议的研究采用新开发的分析和统计方法来识别沉积物中的分散火山灰，这将确保陆源（侵蚀）信号不会与火山信号相结合。该项目研究与理解全球气候系统学高度相关的关键时间间隔内的气候敏感性和行为。东亚季风决定了世界上20%以上人口的降水季节和强度。该研究直接解决了IODP远征346的目标，涉及40%的远征美国科学党，涉及大量的国内和国际合作者，利用其他资助资源（美国和国际），并直接为所有三个机构的本科和研究生教育做出贡献。

Original TitleCollaborative Research: Reconstructing Interactions Between the East Asian Monsoon and Westerly Jet at Multiple Timescales via the Flux and Provenance of Eolian and Fluvial SupplyRevised TitleReconstructing interactions between the East Asian Monsoon and Westerly Jet at multiple timescales based on wind-supplied dust and fluvial inputs to continental margin sedimentsNon-Technical AbstractThis research will build robust new records of East Asian climate variability, which determines precipitation seasonality and intensity for over 20% of the world's population. The proposal seeks to determine the average state and variability of the Westerly Jet and its relationship to the East Asian Monsoon during key intervals of the last 3 million years spanning a wide range of background climates. This will yield a heretofore unrealized understanding of climatic sensitivity and behavior in this globally critical region. The researchers will examine the input of wind-blown dust and riverine material by studying their chemical and isotopic composition at several key marine locations in the Japan Sea/East Sea and East China Sea. Land-derived material is primarily delivered to the Japan Sea/East Sea by wind, reflecting Westerly Jet behavior, and to the East China Sea by the Yangtze River, reflecting precipitation intensity and distribution in interior China. Tracing changes in these inputs can be used to make inferences about the atmospheric and precipitation regimes of Asia. This project addresses the climate sensitivity and behavior of a critical part of the climate system that is of high relevance to society. In addition to integrating efforts at three participating institutions, this proposal builds on collaborations with other scientists developing complementary records of regional climate, including multiple studies reflecting East Asian summer monsoon strength. The proposed research involves 40% of the expedition's US scientific party, brings together a high number of national and international collaborators, leverages off of other funding resources (US and internationally), and directly contributes to undergraduate and graduate education at all three institutions and beyond.Technical AbstractThis proposal seeks to build robust new records of East Asian climate variability on millennial to million-year timescales through examination of chemical and isotopic tracers of terrigenous provenance and flux in the Japan Sea/East Sea and East China Sea. Terrigenous material is primarily delivered to the Japan Sea/East Sea by wind, reflecting Westerly Jet behavior, and to the East China Sea by the Yangtze River, reflecting precipitation intensity and distribution in interior China. The proposal aims to determine the mean state and variability of the Westerly Jet and its coupling with the East Asian Monsoon, with a particular focus on the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, and the last ~450 ka, and will yield a heretofore unrealized understanding of climatic sensitivity and behavior in this globally critical region. Newly collected sediment cores from IODP Expedition 346 (Asian Monsoon) offer a unique opportunity to produce continuous records with millennial-scale resolution spanning millions of years. The researchers will use XRF core scanning to provide high-resolution, continuous records, and perform elemental and isotopic analyses in specific time intervals to provide detailed insights into changes in eolian and fluvial sediment sources. Integrating XRF scanning records with quantitative chemical and isotopic tracers is surprisingly uncommon. The proposed research incorporates newly developed analytical and statistical methods for identifying dispersed volcanic ash in the sediment, which will ensure that the terrigenous (erosional) signal is not combined with a volcanic signal. This project addresses climate sensitivity and behavior in key time intervals of high relevance to understanding global climate systematics. The East Asian Monsoon determines precipitation seasonality and intensity for over 20% of the world's population. The research directly addresses objectives of IODP Expedition 346, involves 40% of the expedition's US scientific party, involves a high number of national and international collaborators, leverages off of other funding resources (US and internationally), and directly contributes to undergraduate and graduate education at all three institutions and beyond.