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Advances in Casimir-Polder Interactions Between Atoms and Substrates

原子与底物卡西米尔-波尔德相互作用的研究进展

基本信息

批准号：
1707511
负责人：
Kimball Milton
金额：
$ 21万
依托单位：
University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2020-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1707511&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Advances Casimir Polder Interactions Between

项目摘要

Subtle quantum mechanical effects can produce unusual forces between objects. The quantum uncertainty associated with electric and magnetic field fluctuations, for example, can produce unusual forces between molecules, or between molecules and surfaces. These effects, generally known as Casimir interactions, were discovered long ago and thought to generate very tiny forces between macroscopic objects. They are now understood to be especially important for nanometer-sized objects, such as nano-machines and macro-molecules, and so are becoming the focus of much research on sensor technology and precision measurement physics. Accurate calculation of Casimir forces from first principles is a difficult challenge, as it involves delicate averaging of fluctuating fields, with strange consequences; the forces can be either attractive or repulsive, and can either contribute to or detract from the system's entropy. This project will enhance our understanding of Casimir forces through explicit calculations focused on systems of current experimental interest. Results of this research have applications to chemistry, biology, nanoscience, and atomic and nuclear physics. This work is being carried out in collaboration with researchers world-wide, including senior scientists, postdocs, graduate students, undergraduate students, and high-school students.This project seeks to advance our understanding of Casimir (quantum-fluctuation) energies and forces at zero and finite temperatures, for example, by using Green's function and other analytic techniques to compute Casimir self-entropies for a spherical model of an atom. This requires isolating, regulating, and renormalizing the free energy, processes that also have to be done for the energy associated with quantum fields external and internal to surfaces, either flat or curved. It has recently been discovered that the negative entropy of interaction between a perfectly conducting sphere and a perfectly conducting plate is exactly balanced by the positive self-entropy of the sphere. Negative entropies are not unrelated to repulsive forces, which can be realized between atoms and other bodies in vacuum. The nonadditivity of Casimir forces plays an important role in these phenomena. Although most work in this field has concentrated on the normal force between bodies, lateral forces are also being explored, along with Casimir torque and Casimir friction, with the hope that these latter two phenomena may be soon seen in laboratory experiments. Applications, such as to the freezing of ice on surfaces, and properties of new materials such as phosphorene, are being studied in collaboration with a diverse international group of students and advanced researchers.

微妙的量子力学效应可以在物体之间产生不寻常的力。例如，与电场和磁场波动相关的量子不确定性可以在分子之间或分子与表面之间产生不寻常的力。这些效应通常被称为卡西米尔相互作用，很久以前就被发现了，并被认为在宏观物体之间产生非常微小的力。现在，它们被认为对纳米尺寸的物体（如纳米机器和大分子）特别重要，因此正在成为传感器技术和精密测量物理学的研究重点。从第一性原理精确计算卡西米尔力是一个困难的挑战，因为它涉及到波动场的精细平均，具有奇怪的后果;这些力可以是吸引力或排斥力，可以增加或减少系统的熵。这个项目将通过对当前实验感兴趣的系统进行明确的计算来增强我们对卡西米尔力的理解。这项研究的结果已应用于化学，生物学，纳米科学，原子和核物理学。本研究是与世界各地的高级科学家、博士后、研究生、大学生、高中生等研究人员合作进行的。例如，利用绿色函数等解析技术，计算原子的球形模型的Casimir自熵，从而进一步理解零温度和有限温度下的Casimir（量子涨落）能量和力。这就需要对自由能进行隔离、调节和重整化，这些过程也必须对与平面或曲面内外的量子场相关的能量进行。最近发现，一个理想导电球和一个理想导电板之间相互作用的负熵正好被球的正自熵所平衡。负熵与排斥力不无关系，排斥力可以在真空中的原子和其他物体之间实现。Casimir力的非加性在这些现象中起着重要的作用。虽然这一领域的大部分工作都集中在物体之间的法向力上，但侧向力也正在被探索，沿着Casimir扭矩和Casimir摩擦，希望后两种现象很快可以在实验室实验中看到。正在与各种国际学生和高级研究人员小组合作研究应用，例如在表面上冻结冰，以及磷烯等新材料的特性。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（13）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Distance-Dependent Sign Reversal in the Casimir-Lifshitz Torque

Casimir-Lifshitz 扭矩中距离相关的符号反转

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.120.131601
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Physical Review Letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Thiyam, Priyadarshini;Parashar, Prachi;Shajesh, K. V.;Malyi, Oleksandr I.;Boström, Mathias;Milton, Kimball A.;Brevik, Iver;Persson, Clas
通讯作者：
Persson, Clas

Electrodynamic friction of a charged particle passing a conducting plate

带电粒子通过导电板的电动摩擦

DOI：
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.023114
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Physical Review Research
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Milton, Kimball A.;Li, Yang;Guo, Xin;Kennedy, Gerard
通讯作者：
Kennedy, Gerard

Effect of excess charge carriers and fluid medium on the magnitude and sign of the Casimir-Lifshitz torque

过量电荷载流子和流体介质对卡西米尔-利夫希茨扭矩的大小和符号的影响

DOI：
10.1103/physrevb.100.205403
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Physical Review B
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Thiyam, P.;Parashar, Prachi;Shajesh, K. V.;Malyi, O. I.;Boström, M.;Milton, K. A.;Brevik, I.;Forsman, J.;Persson, C.
通讯作者：
Persson, C.

Casimir forces in inhomogeneous media: Renormalization and the principle of virtual work

非均匀介质中的卡西米尔力：重整化和虚功原理