Collaborative Research: Development of Colloidal Group IV Doped and Alloyed Nanocrystals and Bulk- heterojunctions

被称为纳米晶体（NC）的超小晶体颗粒具有0.0000005英寸量级的尺寸，并且它们的小尺寸导致在较大的宏观晶体中看不到的有趣和有用的现象。该项目建立在Susan Kauzlarich，化学教授在加州大学戴维斯分校（UCD）和苏卡特，物理学教授在加州大学，圣克鲁斯（UCSC）之间的合作努力，以开发新的NC复合材料，采用纳米晶体和金属卤化物钙钛矿的有机金属薄膜，其中钙钛矿是指晶体结构的类型。 该团队设计、合成和测量锗NC的单个和复合特性。Kauzlarich实验室专注于掺杂和合金锗的快速合成和表征，目标是控制尺寸，表面和形状。卡特实验室在薄膜金属卤化物钙钛矿中使用这些纳米晶体，重点是它们的光学和电子传输特性。通过了解组件的界面和电子学，PI将明智地将联合收割机纳米晶体与薄膜结合，以获得与其用作光电子器件相关的光学和传输特性的新功能，并在发电和光电器件技术中产生更广泛的社会影响。该研究为下一代科学家提供材料合成，薄膜制造，器件工程和性能测量方面的培训，推进与技术相一致的多学科研究。这项研究将在国家和国际会议上发表，研究结果将发表在同行评审期刊上。此外，UCSC和UCD教师和学生将参与创建课程和动手实验室在量子材料和可打印电子，将通过K-12暑期科学夏令营和科学课程提供。这个合作项目的重点是掺杂和合金锗（Ge）纳米晶体（NC）的可溶性胶体分散体的发展，尺寸，表面，和形状控制以及IV族体异质结（BHJ）的制造和表征，以实现对复合、钝化和电荷传输的控制。它结合了两个PI的专业知识：Susan Kauzlarich，加州大学戴维斯分校（UCD）的化学教授和Sue Carter，加州大学圣克鲁斯（UCSC）的物理学教授。本研究扩展了第IV组的化学与控制的表面和形状的NC和制造的第IV组体异质结的解决方案，重点控制的组成成分的属性。随着对界面和相对带隙能量的理解的实现，Ge纳米晶体的能级通过掺杂和合金化进行调谐，金属卤化物钙钛矿通过晶格匹配和能带调谐进行调谐。一些光学，电学和结构的方法正在被用来表征这些胶体材料和它们的薄膜。除了Kauzlarich和Carter实验室现有的表征方法外，表面光电压（SPV）光谱，超快光谱，扫描透射电子全息显微镜和扩展X射线吸收精细结构和X射线吸收近边光谱（EXAFS/XANES）的合作正在进一步表征NC和BHJ的电子和结构状态。PI明智地将纳米晶体与薄膜相结合，以获得与其用作光致发光材料相关的光学和传输特性的新功能，并在发电和光电器件技术中产生更广泛的社会影响。这项研究正在为下一代科学家提供材料合成，薄膜制造，器件工程和性能测量方面的培训，推进与技术相一致的多学科研究。这项研究正在国家和国际会议上发表，研究结果发表在同行评审期刊上。此外，UCSC和UCD教师和学生参与创建课程和动手实验室在量子材料和可打印的电子产品正在通过K-12暑期科学营和科学课程提供。

Ultra-small crystalline particles, called nanocrystals (NCs) have dimensions on the order of 0.00000005 inches, and their small size results in interesting and useful phenomena not seen in larger, macroscopic crystals. This project builds on the collaborative efforts between Susan Kauzlarich, a Chemistry professor at the University of California, Davis (UCD) and Sue Carter, a Physics professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) to develop new NC composites that employ nanocrystals and a organometallic film of a metal halide perovskite, where perovskite refers to the type of crystalline structure. The team designs, synthesizes and measures germanium NC individual and composite properties. The Kauzlarich lab is focused on nanocrystal synthesis and characterization of doped and alloyed germanium with the goal of controlling size, surface and shape. The Carter lab employs these nanocrystals in thin film metal halide perovskites with a focus on their optical and electron transport properties. By understanding the interfaces and electronics of the components, the PIs will judiciously combine nanocrystals with films to gain new functionality in their optical and transport properties relevant to their use as photovoltaics, with broader societal impact in electrical generation and photoelectronic device technologies. This research provides training for next generation scientists on materials synthesis, thin film fabrication, device engineering, and property measurements, advancing multidisciplinary research aligned with technology. The research will be presented at national and international meetings and the findings published in peer-review journals. In addition, UCSC and UCD faculty and students will be involved in creating curriculum and hands-on laboratories in quantum materials and printable electronics that will be offered through K-12 summer science camps and science classes.This collaborative project is focused on the development of soluble colloidal dispersions of doped and alloyed germanium (Ge) nanocrystals (NCs) with size, surface, and shape control and the fabrication and characterization of group IV bulk-heterojunctions (BHJs) to achieve control of the recombination, passivation, and charge transport. It combines the expertise of two PIs: Susan Kauzlarich, a Chemistry professor at the University of California, Davis (UCD) and Sue Carter, a Physics professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). This study expands the chemistry of group IV with control of surface and shape of the NCs and with fabrication of group IV bulk-heterojunctions from solutions, with a focus on control over the properties of the constituent components. As an understanding of the interfaces and relative bandgap energies is achieved, the energy levels of the Ge nanocrystals are being tuned through doping and alloying and the metal halide perovskite through lattice matching and band tuning. Several optical, electrical, and structural methods are being used to characterize these colloidal materials and their thin films. In addition to characterization methods existing in the Kauzlarich and Carter labs, collaborations on surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy, ultrafast spectroscopy, Scanning Transmission Electron Holographic Microscopy, and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (EXAFS/XANES) are enabling further characterization of the electronic and structure states of the NCs and BHJs. The PIs are judiciously combining nanocrystals with films to gain new functionality in their optical and transport properties relevant to their use as photovoltaics, with broader societal impact in electrical generation and photoelectronic device technologies. This research is providing training for next generation scientists on materials synthesis, thin film fabrication, device engineering, and property measurements, advancing multidisciplinary research aligned with technology. The research is being presented at national and international meetings and the findings published in peer-review journals. In addition, UCSC and UCD faculty and students are involved in creating curriculum and hands-on laboratories in quantum materials and printable electronics that are being offered through K-12 summer science camps and science classes.