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Monitoring and Optimization in Coupled Natural Gas and Electric Power Networks

天然气和电力耦合网络的监测和优化

基本信息

批准号：
1711587
负责人：
Vassilis Kekatos
金额：
$ 28.5万
依托单位：
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2021-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1711587&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Monitoring Optimization Coupled Natural Gas

项目摘要

The pressing need for efficient, low-carbon, and fast-responding electric power generators and decreasing prices of natural gas are currently transforming natural gas networks. The intermittent operation of gas-fired power plants to compensate wind generation introduces spatiotemporal fluctuations in continuously increasing volumes of gas demand. Generation and network contingencies in power transmission systems can affect shortages in gas supplies; and vice versa, congested and suboptimally scheduled gas networks limit the integration of renewable energy. In this context, this project studies the interdependency between these two critical infrastructures through coordinated control and market operations to ensure stability, reliability, and efficiency. The research project will develop algorithmic tools for the analysis, optimization, and monitoring of natural gas networks and their interplay with electric power grids. The vision is threefold: develop a reliable computational toolbox for enhanced gas network operations leveraging advances in convex optimization; identify analogies, key differences, and opportunities by jointly dispatching the two energy systems; and engage data analytics for transforming both gas transmission and distribution networks into smarter cyber-physical infrastructures. The consequent gains in efficiency and awareness will be reflected on a wide gamut of industrial, commercial, and residential uses of natural gas; while enabling a smooth transition to the low-emission economy. Broader transformative impact will result from an educational dissemination plan, involvement of undergraduates in research, and outreach to the local community and high school students.At the heart of modeling, control, and monitoring of gas networks is a set of nonlinear equations relating nodal gas injections and pressures to flows over pipelines. Building on convex relaxations, the gas flow problem is formulated as a semidefinite program that outperforms existing alternatives in terms of region of convergence and which naturally leads to coupled gas and power flow formulations. The novel scheme is generalized for optimally dispatching natural gas networks, independently or in tandem with electric power systems. To cope with uncertainty on renewable generation, and adjusting to the slower gas transients, static and dynamic setups are considered via decentralized and stochastic implementations. Efficient modules are additionally devised for enhancing situational awareness via gas network state estimation. By developing a suite of gas pressure and injection data analytics, computational efforts will aim towards enhancing local gas utility distribution networks, thus resonating with efforts for smart cities and connected communities. The utility of the proposed research goes well beyond the envisioned application area to the broader fields of stochastic optimization, statistical signal processing, control of coupled networks, inference over graphs, and dynamic modeling of fluids.

对高效、低碳和快速响应的发电机的迫切需求以及天然气价格的下降目前正在改变天然气网络。燃气发电厂间歇性运行以补偿风力发电，导致天然气需求量不断增加，从而产生时空波动。输电系统中的发电和网络突发事件可能会影响天然气供应短缺；反之亦然，拥挤且调度不理想的天然气网络限制了可再生能源的整合。在此背景下，本项目通过协调控制和市场运作来研究这两个关键基础设施之间的相互依赖关系，以确保稳定性、可靠性和效率。该研究项目将开发用于分析、优化和监控天然气网络及其与电网相互作用的算法工具。我们的愿景有三个：开发一个可靠的计算工具箱，利用凸优化的进步来增强天然气网络运营；通过联合调度两个能源系统来找出相似之处、主要差异和机会；并利用数据分析将天然气传输和分配网络转变为更智能的网络物理基础设施。随之而来的效率和意识的提高将反映在天然气的工业、商业和住宅用途的广泛领域；同时实现向低排放经济的平稳过渡。教育传播计划、本科生参与研究以及对当地社区和高中生的推广将产生更广泛的变革性影响。天然气网络建模、控制和监测的核心是一组与节点气体注入和压力与管道流量相关的非线性方程。基于凸松弛，气体流动问题被表述为半定程序，其在收敛区域方面优于现有替代方案，并且自然地导致耦合气体和功率流公式。该新颖方案可推广用于独立或与电力系统联合优化天然气网络的调度。为了应对可再生能源发电的不确定性，并适应较慢的气体瞬变，通过分散和随机实施来考虑静态和动态设置。另外还设计了高效模块，用于通过天然气网络状态估计来增强态势感知。通过开发一套天然气压力和注入数据分析，计算工作将旨在增强当地天然气公用事业分配网络，从而与智慧城市和互联社区的努力产生共鸣。所提出的研究的效用远远超出了预期的应用领域，扩展到更广泛的随机优化、统计信号处理、耦合网络控制、图形推理和流体动态建模领域。