Tracing the Dynamical States of Intracluster Media (ICMs)

跟踪集群内介质 (ICM) 的动态状态

• 批准号: 1714205
• 负责人: Thomas Jones
• 金额: $ 61.06万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1714205&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Tracing; Dynamical; States; Intracluster; Media

The universe has assembled itself by gravity into objects from the size of planets and stars up to galaxies and, on the largest scales, clusters of galaxies. The investigators will focus on understanding the formation of these clusters, giving us important insights into the entire process of how objects form. Galaxy clusters can contain hundreds of galaxies and are filled with very hot gas - their atmospheres, or "intracluster media". These atmospheres are so hot that most of the light they emit is X-rays that can be seen only from space. Astronomers have established that this hot gas has often been highly disturbed when one cluster violently collides and merges with another cluster. The gas motions can tell us about the collisions and how these largest structures in the universe form. Space X-ray telescopes are limited in their abilities to trace these motions, especially outside the denser cluster centers. As it turns out, however, galaxies scattered throughout clusters spew out streams of highly energetic particles that emit radio waves visible from the earth that reveal their interactions with the intracluster media. The intracluster gas motions can also energize radio emitting particles, illuminating the motions. The investigators will find these radio emissions and map their details, using both new and existing ground based radio telescope observations and utilizing the citizen-science-based "Radio Galaxy Zoo." In addition, they will compute detailed physical models to determine how these emissions can be used to trace out the motions of the intracluster media as well as their origins and histories. The results of these studies will substantially improve our understanding of how galaxy clusters form.Galaxy clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound systems in the universe. They are filled with 'intracluster media," diffuse plasmas with temperatures of 10s of millions of degrees, which are visible from space using X-rays. The investigators will address three key questions about these media: 1) what is the dynamical state of the gas, its flows, turbulence and shocks? 2) how do these dynamical features help us understand the cluster formation process? and 3) how do we reliably connect the underlying motions with what we can observe? The investigators will specifically concentrate on behaviors observable at radio wavelengths, using emission from electrons moving at relativistic speeds in the presence of a magnetic field. This allows them to study regimes such as cluster outskirts, for which very little X-ray information is available. They will carry out numerical simulations at the technical frontier, coupling the magnetohydrodynamics of the hot gas to the relativistic particles generating the radio emission. They will conduct new state-of-the-art radio telescope observations and analyses, along with information from the citizen science project Radio Galaxy Zoo on distortions of radio-emitting plasmas caused by the hot gas flows. Together, this work will enable the investigators to gain important information about the cluster formation process, a key piece in the universal picture of how structures in the universe develop over billions of years.

宇宙通过重力组装成从行星和恒星大小到星系到星系的物体，并且在最大的尺度上是星系簇。调查人员将专注于理解这些簇的形成，从而为我们提供了对物体形成方式的整个过程的重要见解。 星系簇可以包含数百个星系，并充满非常热的气体 - 它们的气氛或“群内媒体”。这些气氛太热了，以至于它们发出的大多数光都是X射线，只能从太空中看到。天文学家已经确定，当一个集群猛烈地碰撞并与另一个集群合并时，这种热气通常会受到高度干扰。气体运动可以告诉我们碰撞以及宇宙形式中这些最大的结构。太空X射线望远镜在追踪这些动作的能力上受到限制，尤其是在较密集的集群中心之外。然而，事实证明，散布在整个簇中的星系散布了高能颗粒的流，这些流从地球上散发出可见的无线电波，从而揭示了它们与群内介质的相互作用。簇内气体运动也可以为无线电发射颗粒提供电力，从而照亮了运动。调查人员将使用新的和现有的基于地面的射电望远镜观察并利用基于公民科学的“射电星系动物园”，发现这些无线电排放并绘制其细节。此外，他们将计算详细的物理模型，以确定如何使用这些排放来追踪群体内介质的运动以及它们的起源和历史。 这些研究的结果将大大提高我们对星系簇的形成方式的理解。Galaxy簇是宇宙中最大的已知重力系统。它们充满了“群体内媒体”，弥漫性等离子体，温度为10千百万度，可以从空间使用X射线射线看到这些媒体的三个关键问题：1）气体的动态状态，其流动，湍流和震惊的动态状态是什么？观察？研究人员会在无线电波长上特别关注可观察到的行为，在存在磁场的情况下以相对速度移动的电子，这使得他们可以研究集群郊区，而X射线的数量很少，他们将在X射线上进行数字射击。排放。他们将进行新的最先进的射电望远镜观测和分析，以及来自公民科学项目射电射程动物园的信息，内容涉及热气流引起的无线电发射等离子体。 这项工作将使研究人员能够获得有关群集形成过程的重要信息，这是宇宙中宇宙结构如何在数十亿年发展的普遍情况中的关键文章。

项目成果

The turbulent pressure support in galaxy clusters revisited

重新审视星系团中的湍流压力支持

• DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly172
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
• 作者: Vazza, F;Angelinelli, M;Jones, T W;Eckert, D;Brüggen, M;Brunetti, G;Gheller, C
• 通讯作者: Gheller, C

Deep Very Large Array Observations of the Merging Cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301: Continuum and Spectral Imaging

合并星团的深层甚大阵列观测 CIZA J2242.8 5301：连续谱和光谱成像

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aad738
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Gennaro, G. Di;van Weeren, R. J.;Hoeft, M.;Kang, H.;Ryu, D.;Rudnick, L.;Forman, W.;Röttgering, H. J.;Brüggen, M.;Dawson, W. A.
• 通讯作者: Dawson, W. A.

Magnetism Science with the Square Kilometre Array

• DOI: 10.3390/galaxies8030053
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Galaxies
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: G. Heald;S. A. Mao;V. Vacca;T. Akahori;A. Damas-Segovia;B. Gaensler;M. Hoeft;I. Agudo;A. Ba

The Extraordinary Linear Polarisation Structure of the Southern Centaurus A Lobe Revealed by ASKAP

ASKAP 揭示的南半人马座 A 瓣非凡的线偏振结构

• DOI: 10.3390/galaxies6040127
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Galaxies
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Anderson, Craig;Heald, George;O’Sullivan, Shane;Bunton, John;Carretti, Ettore;Chippendale, Aaron;Collier, Jordan;Farnes, Jamie;Gaensler, Bryan;Harvey-Smith, Lisa
• 通讯作者: Harvey-Smith, Lisa

Interactions between Radio Galaxies and Cluster Shocks. I. Jet Axes Aligned with Shock Normals

射电星系和星团激波之间的相互作用。

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab16d6
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Nolting, Chris;Jones, T. W.;O’Neill, Brian J.;Mendygral, P. J.
• 通讯作者: Mendygral, P. J.