NI: Pyroclastic Density Current Partnership (PDCP): A global partnership to align numerical models and experimental techniques.

NI：火山碎屑密度流合作伙伴关系 (PDCP)：协调数值模型和实验技术的全球合作伙伴关系。

• 批准号: NE/W003767/1
• 负责人: Thomas Jones
• 金额: $ 10.39万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW003767%2F1
• 关键词: NI; Pyroclastic; Density; Current; Partnership

Ten percent of the world's population (i.e. 100s of millions) live within 100 km of an active volcano. Furthermore, this number is set to rise with the increasing global population. During all explosive volcanic eruptions pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) can form - high temperature mixtures of rock and gas that rapidly flow away from the volcanic vent. These phenomena are the most lethal of all volcanic hazards and are responsible for more than a third of volcanic related fatalities. Furthermore, the accompanying ash clouds have the potential to cause global disruption and significant economic loss due to air-space closure. However, despite the lethal nature of PDCs we currently lack accurate models to forecast these flows and thus any hazard maps and mitigation strategies are inherently limited. To improve our numerical models we need to understand the complex internal flow dynamics within these 'opaque' and hazardous flows. Direct internal observation is not possible, but controlled laboratory experiments (PI's lab focus) offer a way to rigorously study these otherwise hidden phenomena. This seedcorn fund will partner a complimentary team of global PDC experts with the PI's experimental laboratory to align future experimental efforts with numerical PDC models. The members of this partnership have been strategically selected to ensure that, in combination with the PI's lab, a full research programme can be delivered - from unravelling the fundamental physics and incorporation into PDC flow models to direct real-world impact. Specifically members include unique, internationally renowned, numerical modelers who have all developed PDC models to forecast flow run-out and, in some cases, directly inform hazard maps for a range of volcanoes worldwide. Scientists from the government agencies and volcano observatory networks involved (e.g. the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology; the British Geological Survey) will formally communicate advances in volcanic hazard and risk to domestic and international governments, thereby providing a clear pathway to impact from this new partnership. Academics who have experience working on the field deposits and characteristics of PDC ash, including their adverse health effects, will incorporate the partnership outcomes into their work. Finally, the Met Office, home to the London Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre (VAAC), are partners who provide advice, forecasts and guidance to the aviation authorities on the presence of volcanic ash in the atmosphere. This seedcorn fund will support a series of workshops and laboratory exchange visits where members will: (1) outline the known and prioritise the missing physical parameters relevant for PDC models; (2) co-design pilot experiments to fill these knowledge gaps and (3) produce proof-of-concept data that will be used as a basis for future, longer term grant applications. The final outcome will be a long-lasting partnership that is equipped to tackle timely research questions surrounding deadly, pyroclastic flows using state-of-the-art multidisciplinary methods. Subsequent research led by this team will, for example, forecast the spatial extent of deadly pyroclastic flows and the subsequent atmospheric dispersal of PDC produced, volcanic ash. Ultimately this will minimise the human and economic cost of explosive volcanic eruptions around the world and is an outcome only achievable through complimentary, global partnership.

世界人口中有百分之十（即100千万）居住在活火山的100公里以内。此外，随着全球人口的增加，这个数字将增加。在所有爆炸性火山喷发中，火山碎屑密度电流（PDC）都可以形成 - 岩石和气体的高温混合物，从火山通风口迅速流出。这些现象是所有火山危害中最致命的现象，并造成了三分之一以上的火山相关死亡。此外，伴随的灰云有可能导致全球破坏和由于空间关闭而造成的巨大经济损失。但是，尽管PDC具有致命的性质，但我们目前缺乏准确的模型来预测这些流量，因此任何危险图和缓解策略固有地受到限制。为了改善我们的数值模型，我们需要了解这些“不透明”和危险流中的复杂内部流动动力学。直接的内部观察是不可能的，但是受控实验室实验（PI的实验室重点）提供了一种严格研究这些原本隐藏现象的方法。该SeedCorn Fund将与PI的实验实验室合作，将免费的全球PDC专家团队与数值PDC模型保持一致，以使未来的实验努力保持一致。该合作伙伴关系的成员已被战略选择，以确保与PI的实验室结合使用，可以提供完整的研究计划 - 从揭开基本物理学并融入PDC流量模型到直接现实世界的影响。具体的成员包括独特的国际知名，数值建模者，他们都开发了PDC模型以预测流量流出，并且在某些情况下，直接将危险地图告知全球一系列火山。来自政府机构和火山天文台网络的科学家（例如意大利国家地球物理和火山学研究所；英国地质调查局）将正式传达对国内和国际政府的火山危害和风险的进步，从而为这项新的合作伙伴提供了明显的影响。在PDC ASH的现场存款和特征（包括其不良健康影响）方面有经验的学术界将使合伙成果纳入其工作。最后，伦敦火山灰咨询中心（VAAC）的所在地办公室是为航空当局提供建议，预测和指导的合作伙伴。该种子康的基金将支持一系列的研讨会和实验室交换访问，成员将：（1）概述已知的并优先考虑与PDC模型相关的丢失的物理参数； （2）共同设计的试点实验以填补这些知识差距，（3）产生概念验证数据，该数据将用作将来的长期授予应用程序的基础。最终结果将是一种持久的伙伴关系，能够使用最先进的多学科方法来解决有关致命的，火山碎屑流的及时研究问题。例如，该团队领导的随后研究将预测致命的火山碎屑流的空间范围以及随后产生的PDC的大气分散。最终，这将最大程度地减少世界各地爆炸性火山喷发的人类和经济成本，并且只有通过免费的全球伙伴关系才能实现的结果。

项目成果

Physical properties of pyroclastic density currents: relevance, challenges and future directions

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1218645
• 发表时间: 2023-10-11
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Jones，Thomas J.;Beckett，Frances;Eychenne，Julia
• 通讯作者: Eychenne，Julia