SBE-RCUK: Collaborative Research: The effects of mobility and physical activity on human postcranial skeletal variation

SBE-RCUK：合作研究：活动性和体力活动对人类颅后骨骼变异的影响

• 批准号: 1719140
• 负责人: Kristian Carlson
• 金额: $ 16.5万
• 依托单位: University of Southern California
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-07-15 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1719140&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBE; RCUK; Collaborative; Research; effects

Modern humans have relatively lightly built skeletons compared to other primates and earlier human populations, a condition which may predispose modern humans to bone-related health risks. Reduced physical activity levels as well as dietary changes, especially following the adoption of agriculture, may be responsible for these reductions in human bone mass over the last 10,000 years. This collaborative project will assess variation in bone structure in a large human skeletal sample encompassing a diversity of regional populations and subsistence strategies to evaluate the effects of physical activity levels, diet, and other factors on the modern human skeleton. Investigating the human skeleton from past and recent populations, as well as integrating studies of living athletes, will effectively frame the extent of normal variation in modern humans. A better understanding of skeletal variability will, in turn, produce insight into the factors that contribute to contemporary bone health and related costly medical conditions, such as osteopenia and osteoporosis. This project will provide educational and training opportunities to undergraduate and graduate students, including women and minorities, postdoctoral training for young professionals, and educational enrichment opportunities for K-12 educators from rural and urban school districts in Pennsylvania. The data collected and the educational modules developed during the course of this project will be made available to other researchers, educators, and the general public through online data repositories. This study tests the hypothesis that trabecular and cortical bone structure in limb elements reflects mobility and activity differences among human populations, implicating an increasingly sedentary lifestyle as the major factor driving the apparent decrease in skeletal mass in recent humans. Recent work has suggested that in the past, highly mobile groups, like hunter-gatherers, had significantly more robust skeletons compared to sedentary agriculturalists and more recent contemporary populations. Reductions in mobility and physical activity, which have purportedly coincided with the adoption of agriculture and subsequent technological advances, have been argued to be critical factors driving the reduction in skeletal mass in recent humans. This study will characterize variation in both trabecular and cortical bone across a large number of human populations and evaluate this range of variation in relation to differences in physical activity, mobility, body size, diet, and ancestry. The study design consists of two major components. Microcomputed tomography scan data will be collected from a diverse skeletal sample of recent humans to assess variation in trabecular and cortical bone structure in multiple postcranial elements (humerus, femur, tibia, cervical vertebra). This skeletal sample will include representatives of groups practicing various subsistence and technological strategies such as foragers, horticulturalists, intensive agriculturalists, and post-industrial populations drawn from multiple locations globally. In addition, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scan data will be collected from living elite athletes and non-athlete controls to assess the effects of lifelong intensive physical activity on skeletal mass. Comparisons between the two components of the study will inform understanding of activity- and behavior-related changes in human skeletal mass through time.

与其他灵长类动物和早期人类相比，现代人类的骨骼相对较轻，这种情况可能使现代人类易患与骨骼相关的健康风险。减少体力活动水平以及饮食变化，特别是在采用农业之后，可能是过去10，000年人类骨量减少的原因。这个合作项目将评估一个大型人类骨骼样本中骨骼结构的变化，该样本涵盖了各种区域人口和生存策略，以评估身体活动水平，饮食和其他因素对现代人类骨骼的影响。从过去和最近的人群中调查人类骨骼，以及整合对活着的运动员的研究，将有效地确定现代人类的正常变异程度。更好地了解骨骼的变异性，反过来，将产生对当代骨骼健康和相关的昂贵的医疗条件，如骨量减少和骨质疏松症的因素的洞察力。该项目将为包括妇女和少数民族在内的本科生和研究生提供教育和培训机会，为年轻专业人员提供博士后培训，并为宾夕法尼亚州农村和城市学区的K-12教育工作者提供教育充实机会。该项目期间收集的数据和开发的教育模块将通过在线数据储存库提供给其他研究人员、教育工作者和公众。这项研究测试了这样一个假设，即肢体元素中的骨小梁和皮质骨结构反映了人类群体之间的流动性和活动差异，暗示越来越多的久坐不动的生活方式是导致近期人类骨骼质量明显减少的主要因素。最近的研究表明，在过去，高度移动的群体，如狩猎采集者，与定居的农业家和更近的当代人群相比，骨骼明显更健壮。据称，随着农业的采用和随后的技术进步，流动性和身体活动的减少被认为是推动近代人类骨骼质量减少的关键因素。本研究将描述大量人群中骨小梁和皮质骨的变异，并评价与体力活动、活动性、体型、饮食和血统差异相关的变异范围。研究设计包括两个主要部分。将从近期人类的不同骨骼样本中收集微计算机断层扫描扫描数据，以评估多个颅后元素（肱骨、股骨、胫骨、颈椎）中骨小梁和皮质骨结构的变化。该骨骼样本将包括来自全球多个地点的实践各种生存和技术策略的群体的代表，如觅食者，园艺家，集约农业家和后工业人口。此外，还将从在世的优秀运动员和非运动员对照组中收集外周定量计算机断层扫描（pQCT）扫描数据，以评估终身高强度体力活动对骨骼质量的影响。研究的两个组成部分之间的比较将有助于了解人类骨骼质量随时间的活动和行为相关变化。

项目成果

Combinations of trabecular and cortical bone properties distinguish various loading modalities between athletes and controls

• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24176
• 发表时间: 2020-11-27
• 期刊: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Saers, Jaap P. P.;DeMars, Lily J.;Stock, Jay T.
• 通讯作者: Stock, Jay T.

Automated resolution independent method for comparing in vivo and dry trabecular bone

用于比较体内骨小梁和干燥骨小梁的自动分辨率独立方法

• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24181
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Saers, Jaap P. P.;DeMars, Lily J.;Stephens, Nicholas B.;Jashashvili, Tea;Carlson, Kristian J.;Gordon, Adam D.;Ryan, Timothy M.;Stock, Jay T.
• 通讯作者: Stock, Jay T.

Complex variation of trabecular bone structure in the proximal humerus and femur of five modern human populations

五种现代人群肱骨近端和股骨骨小梁结构的复杂变化

• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23725
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: American Journal of Physical Anthropology
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Doershuk, Lily J.;Saers, Jaap P. P.;Shaw, Colin N.;Jashashvili, Tea;Carlson, Kristian J.;Stock, Jay T.;Ryan, Timothy M.
• 通讯作者: Ryan, Timothy M.